Eurasian Union. Countries of the Eurasian Union

The Eurasian Union (EAEC) is an integration economic association and a political alliance of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. Countries must enter it by January 1, 2015. The Eurasian Union is created on the basis of the Customs Union. The agreement was signed by the participating States on May 29, 2014. The Euro-Asian Union should consolidate the countries that will join it, mutually reinforce their economies, promote modernization and increase the competitiveness of goods on the international market. The countries of the Eurasian Union, which have already signed the treaty, in the long term are counting on joining the association of Kyrgyzstan and Armenia.

Who owns the idea of creating the Unified Energy System

The idea of creating a Eurasian union came to the head of Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev. According to his ideas, the union implies the introduction of a single currency, which will be called "Altyn." In 2012, this idea was supported by Medvedev and Putin.

Start integration

What is the Eurasian Union? To understand, we turn to the origins. Expansion of economic cooperation and related integration processes began to gain momentum in 2009. Then the participating countries managed to sign about forty international agreements, which formed the basis of the Customs Union. Since January 2010, a single customs zone operates on the territory of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. In the same year, Moscow hosted a summit at which the features of a new association based on the SES - the Eurasian Union - began to be clarified.

Declaration on the establishment of EuRAZ

On October 19, 2011, the presidents of the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Community approved the decision to join the union of Kyrgyzstan. Already on November 8, 2011 the heads of Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia signed the Declaration on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Community. In Moscow on November 18, Lukashenko, Nazarbayev and Medvedev signed several important documents that formed the basis of the union:

• Agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Commission ;
• The regulations of the commission;
• Declaration on economic integration.

The declaration also indicated the date of transition to the next stage of integration - January 1, 2012. It implies the creation of a single economic space that will function on the principles and norms of the WTO and will be open to the accession of new member countries at any stage of the integration process. The ultimate goal was the establishment of EVRAZ by 2015.

CES

Since January 1, 2012, a single economic space has started operating on the territory of the member states. It should promote the stable development of the economies of these countries, as well as a general improvement in the living standards of their citizens. The full agreement on the CES, which was adopted in 2011, began to work only in July 2012.

Supranational Parliament

In February 2012, S. Naryshkin (chairman of the State Duma) said that after the creation of the SES and the Customs Union, the countries intend to continue integration processes and create a supranational Eurasian parliament. This should further deepen the integration. In fact, the Customs Union and the SES are just a base for EURASUS. And on May 17, he said that Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia had created working groups to draft the parliament of the association, which is the Eurasian Economic Union. Consultations were to be held with the Belarusian and Kazakh parliaments. But the initiatives of the State Duma did not receive approval from them. Representatives of Kazakhstan issued a statement urging them not to hurry up with the political part, but to concentrate all their efforts on economic integration. They emphasized that any association is possible only if the sovereignty of each of the participating countries is respected. As a result, the Eurasian Customs Union was politically somewhat premature.

Advice on a single currency

Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation Glazyev on December 19, 2012 made a statement that consultations were actively held about the single currency. But no positive decisions were made. However, he stressed that the ruble is dominating the Customs Union. Its weight in mutual accounts is more than 90%.

Consultations and decisions 2013

In September 2013 the Republic of Armenia expressed its desire to join the Customs Union. In the same month plans for Eurasian integration were again voiced by L. Slutsky, including the project of creating a supranational parliament. This provision was to be included in the treaty on EURASA. However, the Kazakh side once again stated that this initiative will not be supported. Kazakhstan does not accept any provisions on supranational political authorities. The leadership of the country this position was voiced more than once. The maximum, which Kazakhstan agrees, is the format of interparliamentary cooperation.

President of Belarus A. Lukashenko also said that he would not support "supranational superstructures" and a single currency. He said that Russian politicians like to "toss" on the agenda what is now unrealistic. Lukashenko also said that the union was originally conceived as an economic one. And we are talking about common political authorities. The states have not yet come to this - they did not feel the need for it. Therefore, political bodies are not on the agenda and should not be artificially pushed through them. N. Nazarbayev supported A. Lukashenko and emphasized the full sovereignty of the participating countries.

Syria's desire to join the Customs Union

In 2013, on October 21, during the visit to Russia, Syrian Vice Prime Minister Kadri Jamil made a statement about his country's desire to become a member of the Customs Union. He also stressed that Syria has already prepared all the necessary documentation.

Fears of Kazakhstan

In October, at the summit of the countries-members of the Customs Union, the head of Kazakhstan N.Nazarbayev proposed completely to stop the existence of EURASZ, well, or to accept Turkey. He stressed that, often traveling abroad, repeatedly heard the opinion that Russia is creating a "second USSR" or something similar under itself. However, in November of the same year, Russia and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on good-neighborliness and strategic partnership. But as for the politicization of the union, Nazarbayev remained adamant. But the problem was not only in the political component. Kazakhstan and Belarus demanded significant concessions from the Russian Federation in the sphere of economy. Minsk wanted to abolish any duties, and Astana - equal access to Russian oil and gas pipelines for the transit of hydrocarbons. The total amount of subsidies, which is annually needed by Kazakhstan and Belarus, is $ 30 billion. These costs should become a serious burden for the budget of the Russian Federation.

In 2014, the contract was signed by the participating countries. I saw the light of the Euro-Asian Union. The flag and anthem of the union have not yet been approved. However, tensions between states still remain.

Advantages of EURASIS

The economic union must neutralize trade barriers. It implies the free circulation of goods, capital, services, the general labor market. Collective decisions and common policies should be made about key sectors of the economy.

What does the integration process foresee?

The goals of integration are:

• Reduction in the prices of goods and services;
• Reduction of transportation costs;
• Stimulating competition;
• Growth in market volumes;
• Increase in productivity and production volumes;
• Increase in the level of employment of the population.