Eradication is what? Features

It has long been believed that the gastric environment is sterile in relation to the microflora in it. In the stomach with its internal content - acid, simply not to survive a single organism. Detection in the digestive tract Helicobacter Pilari revolutionized the perception of the nature of gastrointestinal diseases: gastritis, duodenitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastrointestinal oncology and their treatment. In this article, we will consider in detail what eradication is. This is a definite method of treatment, which has become very popular lately.

Excursus in the history of Helicobacter pylori

In fact, a bacterium has been discovered for a long time, and not once. For the first time this happened at the end of the century before last. It was 1886. Professor Jagiellonian University V. Yavorsky discovered a bacterium of characteristic spiral shape in gastric materials. He gave the bacteria the name Vibrio rugula, and suggested that it plays some role in the development of gastric diseases.

However, the work of Yavorsky did not receive proper attention in medical circles. Seven years later, the Italian scientist D. Bidzodzero extracted a similar microorganism from the digestive tract of the dog. The next person who noted the presence of the bacterium in the stomach cells of the operated ulcer patients was Professor I. Morozov from Moscow. This was already the end of the 70s of the last century.

Some further attempts to describe, classify, grow in the laboratory and study an unnamed bacterium were made in 1979 and 1981 by the Australian Marshall and Warren. And they succeeded. Marshall conducted a successful experiment on self-infection of Helicobacter pylori and the cure of acquired Helicobacter pylori by the method of a two-week course of taking "Metronidazole" and bismuth salts.

This method formed the basis for the modern eradication of Helicobacter pylori. And brave researchers in 2005 received the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

The name of Helicobacter pylori microorganism was obtained in 1989, as well as a complete description and classification. The spiral-shaped bacterium, the habitat chosen by the "gatekeeper" of the stomach ("pylori" - from the Greek "gatekeeper"), infects all areas of the duodenum and gastric. In a significant percentage of all gastritis, duodenitis, ulcers of the intestine and duodenum up to their cancer, this microorganism is guilty.

What is dangerous for Helicobacter pylori infection?

Helicobacter pylori, upholstered in the digestive tract of a human or animal, behaves approximately for the time being. At the slightest malfunction in the immune system, or with the accumulation effect of irrational nutrition or bad habits, the bacterium becomes active, becomes aggressive. Than it is dangerous? Inhabited in the mucous membrane of internal organs - the stomach and duodenum - the microorganism pathogenically affects it.

The increased secretion begins, which adversely affects the gastrointestinal tract. The mucous membrane becomes loose, collapses, strongly inflamed areas appear with the formation of ulcers. Chronic gastritis caused by the pathogenic microorganism of the Helicobacter pylori group, unlike conventional mechanical gastritis, can not be cured by conventional methods.

Helicobacter pylori penetrates into deeper layers of tissues, as a result of which it can not be influenced by most antibiotics (antibiotics are unstable to acidity). Such vandalism causes irreversible processes in the mucosa, for example, a precancerous condition, and, directly, the development of oncology. To prevent this from happening, Helicobacter eradication is used.

Diagnosis Helicobacter Pylori in the digestive tract

If the patient complains of nausea and indigestion, heartburn, pain, stool problems, painful discomfort in the epigastric region - this is a direct indication to give tests for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the body. Analyzes give the following:

• Blood, a general analysis for antibodies, including the presence of Helicobacter pylori;
• Feces, analysis for the presence of waste products of bacteria;
• A breath test based on a certain concentration of ammonia in the exhalation;
• Cytological analysis.

The most reliable method of diagnosing infection is a biopsy of the tissues of the stomach and duodenal mucosa. The tissue for analysis is taken by endoscopy.

Indications for the use of eradication

As already mentioned above, eradication is a method of combating a gastric bacterium.

Eradication is carried out by the patient with such pathologies:

• Ulcerous manifestations in the stomach and duodenum;
• Postresection status (surgery to remove a cancerous tumor);
• Precancerous conditions with tissue atrophy of organs;
• Lymphoma.

The risk group includes people whose relatives have had oncological diseases. Recommended eradication therapy and patients with gastroesophageal reflux and functional dyspepsia.

Methods of eradication

Eradication - is destruction, eradication (English eradication). This is a measure designed to destroy Helicobacter pylori in the digestive tract. The method of treatment is indicated in patients with severe form of a stomach or duodenal ulcer. Its essence lies in the course of taking medications according to a certain scheme.

Before the beginning of the course, an additional study of the tissues of the gastric mucosa for the presence of malignant cells.

Helicobacter pylori eradication has several types:

• Mono, where only one drug is used in treatment, usually drugs based on bismuth salts or antibiotic;
• Duo, double therapy (bismuth-containing substance plus antibiotic);
• Triplet, as the name suggests, this treatment with three agents (bismuth, antibiotic and imidazole group);
• Quadruplet, four-component form, where IPN (blockers of hydrochloric acid formation) is added to the triplet therapy complex.

Mono eradication is an almost ineffective method of therapy because of its inefficiency (below 50%). He was on the move at the dawn of discovery and the first experiments on the treatment of helicobacterial infection.

Eradication with the use of two drugs has the effectiveness of getting rid of helicobacteria of the order of 60%, and also in modern realities is little practiced. What is used today eradication? Treatment schemes are used such.

The triplet therapy includes a bismuth compound, an antibiotic (amoxicillin and clarithromycin are often used) and imidazoles (these are fungicides).

The course of the four drugs is all of the above drugs plus Proton pump inhibitors (this is an antiulcer group of drugs aimed at reducing the production of stomach acid). The methods have efficiency indicators of 90% and 95%, respectively. This is how Helicobacter eradication can be effective.

Medical products used for eradication

In view of the fact that the acidic environment nullifies the effect of most antibiotics, the list of medicines for eradication is rather short:

• Antibiotics;
• Anti-infectious agents;
• Bismuth-containing preparations;
• Proton pump inhibitors;
• Probiotics and prebiotics.

Antibiotics, most often used in eradication therapy

How does eradication begin? Antibiotics are prescribed the following:

• "Amoxicillin" or "Flemoxin Solutab" - penicillin group, is suitable for most patients, is not recommended for use in pregnancy, kidney failure.

• "Amoxiclav" - a combination of amoxicillin and cavulonic acid, an antibiotic of the widest spectrum, recommended its careful use in renal pathologies of the patient, during pregnancy, this antibiotic causes a serious dysbiosis.
• "Clarithromycin" or "Clacid" is a low-toxic antibiotic of the erythromycin group of a broad spectrum, the most popular for eradication, is contraindicated in infants up to six months pregnant, with caution to use in patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency.
• "Azithromycin" is an alternative to "Claritomycin" with minimal side effect, however, it is less effective with respect to Helicobacter pylori.

Antibiotics "Tetracycline" and "Levofloxacin" are used less often and in those cases when the above drugs did not have the desired result. Preparations of tetracycline group have aggressive action in terms of side effects after eradication of Helicobacter, therefore they are used less often.

Antibacterial and anti-infectious drugs for eradication

"Metronidazole" is an anti-infective chemotherapeutic agent of the nitromidazole group, very toxic, strictly incompatible with alcohol and banned during pregnancy.

"Makmioror" or "Nufuratel" is an antibacterial medication, it is used in case of inefficiency of "Metronidazole".

Bismuth-containing preparations

"De-Nol" - this medicine showed the highest degree of neutralizing effect on Helicobacter pylori. "De-Nol" dissolves and penetrates into the bile mucus into the deepest layers of the affected organ. There are practically no negative side effects, as well as contraindications (except, traditionally, pregnancy).

Salts of bismuth compounds are less often used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori:

• Bismuth subsalicylate;
• Bismuth subnitrate.

Preparations based on bismuth salts were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases before the discovery of Helicobacter pylori. These compounds are resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach. On the damaged surface of the mucosa, bismuth compounds form a protective film from the aggressive medium, reduce acidity and promote the rapid scarring of affected surfaces.

When the Helicobacter Pylori was discovered, the bismuth compounds showed a tremendous effect on the inhibition and destruction of this particular bacterium.

Preparations of the IPN group used for eradication

Proton pump inhibitors (IPN) are indispensable in the complex effect on Helicobacter Pylori. Preparations of IPN have a kind of antacid effect, which reduces the aggressiveness of the acid medium. Studies of bacteria have shown that outside the acid medium it perishes. Consequently, IPNs create intolerable conditions for the comfortable existence of the bacterium, which, together with bismuth, "Metronidazole" and an antibiotic, increases the success of eradication of Helicobacter pylori up to 95% and higher. These drugs include:

• "Omez" ("Omeprazole");
• "Nolpaz";
• Rabeprazole;
• "Pantoprazole", etc.

Omez is most often appointed. Proton pump inhibitors or IPN inhibit the secretion of digestive glands.

Normalization of the microflora of the digestive tract after eradication Helikobakter

The effects of antibiotics in most cases are detrimental to the intestines and stomach. Therefore, after the eradication procedure, it is necessary to minimize damage to the body. To do this, there are such useful products as probiotics or prebiotics, shown for dysbiosis, flatulence, diarrhea, etc. These include:

• "Lactoferon";
• "Linex";

• "Hilak Forte";
• Bifidumbacterin;
• "Acipolus" and others.

Probiotics and prebiotics are fundamentally different cultures, harmoniously complementing each other's work. Both groups have a beneficial effect on the body by normalizing the intestinal microflora. The difference between them is that probiotics are a living culture of beneficial microorganisms. Prebiotics are organic chemical compounds. The first directly "grow" the killed microflora, the latter - create favorable conditions for this. They must be taken after eradication.

Prevention of disease

The latent carrier of Helicobacter pylori can be everyone. The microorganism lives in the stomach, intestines and oral cavity of a person or animal and has not manifested itself for years.

Activation of the bacterium comes as a result of immune failure, with stress, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), unbalanced diet and manifests itself as epigastric pains. Some types of Helicobacter pylori can affect the liver.

Conclusion

Infection from the carrier of infection occurs through contact or through household items. It is necessary to carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene, in order to minimize external contamination. Then there will be no need for eradication Helikobakter Pilori.