Emergency conditions and emergency medical care. First aid for emergency situations

Life is very unpredictable, so often we see different situations. When it comes to health, a quick reaction and basic knowledge can save a person's life. On this basis, everyone needs to have experience in such a noble cause as providing first aid in emergency situations.

What is an emergency?

Urgent conditions in medicine are a number of symptoms in which it is necessary to provide first -aid first aid. In other words, a pathological condition, which is characterized by rapid health changes for the worse. Urgent conditions are characterized by the possibility of a fatal outcome.

Urgent health conditions can be classified according to the process of occurrence:

1. External - arise with the action of the surrounding factor, which directly affects human health.
2. Internal - pathological processes in the human body.

This division helps to understand the root cause of a person's condition and, thus, provide quick help. Some pathological processes in the body arise on the basis of external factors that provoke them. Because of stress, there is a high probability of spasm of the heart vessels, and as a result, myocardial infarction often develops.

If the problem in a chronic disease, for example, disorientation in space, then it is quite possible that such a situation can provoke an emergency situation. Due to contact with an external factor, it is possible to get a serious injury.

Emergency medical care - what is it?

Provision of emergency medical care in emergency conditions is a complex of actions that must be taken in case of sudden illnesses that pose a threat to human life. Such help is given urgently, because every minute counts.

Emergency conditions and emergency medical care - these two concepts are very closely related. After all, often from a quality first aid depends on health, and maybe, life of a person. Decisive actions can significantly help the victim before the arrival of an ambulance.

How can you help a person in a difficult situation?

To provide correct and qualified help, you need to have basic knowledge. Often on how to behave themselves, children are taught at school. It is a pity that not everyone listens attentively. If such a person finds himself next to someone who is in a life-threatening situation, he will not be able to provide the necessary assistance.

There are times when the account goes for minutes. If nothing is done, a person dies, so it is very important to have basic knowledge.

Classification and diagnosis of emergency conditions

There are a lot of difficult situations. The most common of these are:

• stroke;
• Heart attack;
• poisoning;
• epilepsy;
• bleeding.

First aid in emergency situations

Each urgent situation in itself is a threat to human life. The ambulance provides medical assistance, so the nurses' actions in case of emergency should be considered.

There are situations that the reaction should be immediate. Sometimes it is not possible to call an ambulance at home, but a person's life is in danger. In such cases it is necessary to know how to behave, that is, the provision of emergency medical care should not be based on spontaneous chaotic actions, but be carried out in a certain sequence.

Stroke as an acute disorder of the blood circulation of the brain

Disease, which is characterized by a problem with the vessels of the brain and poor blood coagulability. One of the main causes of stroke is hypertension, that is, high blood pressure.

Stroke is a serious illness that affects people for a long time because of their suddenness. Doctors say that the highest quality medical care is possible only for the first time after a hypertensive crisis.

One of the symptoms is severe headache and nausea. Dizziness and loss of consciousness, a strong heartbeat and fever. Often the pain is so strong that it seems: the head will not survive. The reason is the obstruction of blood vessels and the obstruction of blood to all parts of the brain.

Emergency medical care: Ensure patient peace, unbutton clothing, provide air access. The head should be slightly above the body. If there are prerequisites for vomiting, you need to put the patient to one side. Give the chew the aspirin and immediately call an ambulance.

Heart attack - ischemic heart disease

An infarct is a manifestation of coronary heart disease, resulting in irreversible processes. The heart muscle refuses to work in a coordinated manner, as blood flow through the coronary veins is disturbed.

Myocardial infarction can cause a prolonged ischemic disease, such as angina. The main symptom of the disease is severe pain in the heart zone, which does not go away after taking nitroglycerin. The pain is so paralyzed that a person can not move. Sensations extend to the entire left side, pain can occur both in the shoulder, arm, and in the jaw. There is a fear of an imminent death.

Frequent breathing and irregular heartbeat, combined with pain, confirm a heart attack. Pale face, weakness and cold sweat are also symptoms of a heart attack.

Emergency medical care: The best decision in this situation is to immediately call an ambulance. Here time goes for minutes, since the patient's life depends on how correctly and timely the medical help is provided. It is important to learn to recognize a heart attack. Age here does not matter, because even more often young people are faced with this problem.

The problem is that many simply ignore the dangerous state and do not even suspect how fatal the consequences may be. Emergency conditions and emergency medical care are very related. One of these conditions is myocardial infarction. If you have the first symptoms of the disease, you must immediately put a pill under the tongue aspirin or nitroglycerin (lowers the pressure). It is worth remembering that the death rate from the disease is very high, so do not joke about your health.

Poisoning as a reaction to an allergen

Poisoning is a violation of the internal organs after ingestion of a toxic substance. Poisoning can be different: food, ethyl alcohol or nicotine, medical drugs.

Symptoms: Abdominal pain, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, fever. All these symptoms indicate a problem within the body. General weakness occurs as a result of dehydration.

Emergency medical care: It is important to immediately wash the stomach with a large amount of water. It is recommended to use activated carbon to neutralize the allergen that caused poisoning. It is necessary to take care of a plentiful drink, since the body is completely depleted. It is better to stop eating food during the day. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.

Epilepsy as a dysfunction of the brain

Epilepsy is a chronic illness characterized by constant seizures. Attacks appear in the form of severe seizures, until complete loss of consciousness. In this state, the patient does not feel anything, the memory is completely turned off. The opportunity to speak is lost. This condition is due to the inability of the brain to cope with its functions.

The main symptom of epilepsy remains cramps. The attack begins with a piercing scream, then the patient does not feel anything. Some types of epilepsy can also occur without obvious symptoms. Most often this happens in children. Helping children in urgent conditions is no different from helping adults, the main thing is to know the sequence of actions.

Emergency medical care: More damage to a person with epilepsy can bring a blow when falling than the seizure itself. When there are seizures, it is necessary to put the patient on an even, preferably hard surface. Make sure that the head was turned to one side, so that a person does not suffocate with his saliva, this arrangement of the body prevents the tongue from stumbling.

Do not try to delay cramps, just hold the patient so that he does not hit on sharp objects. The attack lasts up to five minutes, and does not carry a danger. If the seizures do not go away or if the attack occurs with a pregnant woman, it is necessary to call an ambulance.

To reinsure it is not superfluous to seek emergency help. In epileptic patients from time to time this happens, so those who are nearby, you need to know how to provide first aid.

Bleeding: what to do with large blood loss?

Bleeding is the expiration of a large amount of blood from the vessels due to trauma. Bleeding can be internal and external. The condition is classified according to the blood vessels from which the blood flows. The most dangerous is the arterial one.

If this external bleeding, then it can be determined if blood flows from an open wound. With a large loss of vital fluid, dizziness, a rapid pulse, sweating, and weakness are observed. At internal - a pain in a stomach, a swelling and traces of blood in a feces, urine and vomit masses.

Emergency medical care: With a small loss of blood, it is enough to treat the wound with an antiseptic and close the affected area with adhesive plaster or gauze bandage. If the wound is deep, it belongs to the category of "emergency conditions", and emergency medical care is simply necessary. What can be done at home? Close the affected area with clean cloth and, as far as possible, raise the place of blood loss above the patient's heart level. In this case, immediate hospitalization is simply necessary.

After arriving at a medical facility, the actions of a nurse under emergency conditions are as follows:

• Clean the wound;
• Apply a bandage or stitches.

Serious bleeding requires the help of a qualified physician. Remember: you can not allow the victim to lose too much blood, immediately take him to the hospital.

Why be able to provide medical care?

Emergency conditions and emergency medical care are closely related to each other. Thanks to the right and quick action, it is possible to maintain human health before the arrival of the ambulance. Often our life depends on our actions. It is necessary to provide medical care to everyone, because life is unpredictable.