Electricity for "dummies." School for an electrician

We offer a small material on the topic: "Electricity for beginners". He will give an initial idea of the terms and phenomena associated with the motion of electrons in metals.

Features of the term

Electricity is the energy of small charged particles moving in conductors in a certain direction.

With a constant current, there is no change in its magnitude, or in the direction of motion for a certain period of time. If a galvanic cell (battery) is chosen as a current source , in this case the charge moves in an orderly manner: from the negative pole to the positive end. The process continues until it completely disappears.

The alternating current periodically changes the value, as well as the direction of motion.

Alternating current transmission circuit

Let's try to understand what the phase is in electricity. This word is heard by everyone, but not everyone understands its true meaning. We will not go into details and details, we will choose only the material that is necessary for the home master. A three-phase network is a method of transferring an electric current, in which three currents flow current, and one goes its return. For example, there are two wires in an electrical circuit.

On the first wire to the consumer, for example, to the kettle, there is a current. The second wire is used to return it. When such a circuit is opened, there will be no passage of an electric charge inside the conductor. This circuit describes a single-phase circuit. What is the phase in electricity? The phase is a wire that carries an electric current. Zero refers to the wire that returns. Three phase wires are present in the three -phase circuit at once.

The electric shield in the apartment is necessary for the distribution of electric current in all rooms. Three-phase networks are considered economically feasible, because they do not need two zero wires. When approaching the consumer, there is a separation of the current into three phases, and in each there is zero. A grounding device, which is used in a single-phase network, does not carry a workload. It is a fuse.

For example, when a short circuit occurs, there is a risk of electric shock, fire. To prevent such a situation, the current value should not exceed the safe level, the excess goes to the ground.

The manual "School for the electrician" will help beginners to cope with some breakdowns of household appliances. For example, if there are problems with the operation of the electric motor of the washing machine, the current will flow to the outer metal casing.

If there is no ground, the charge will be distributed by the machine. When you touch it with your hands, a person acts as a grounding conductor, receiving an electric shock. If there is a ground wire, this situation does not arise.

Features of electrical engineering

The manual "Electricity for Dummies" is popular with those who are far from physics, but plans to use this science for practical purposes.

The beginning of the nineteenth century is considered the date of appearance of electrical engineering. It was at this time that the first current source was created. Discoveries made in the field of magnetism and electricity have succeeded in enriching science with new concepts and facts that have important practical significance.

The allowance "School for an electrician" assumes familiarity with the basic terms relating to electricity.

Tips for beginners

In many collections of physics there are complex electrical circuits, as well as a variety of incomprehensible terms. In order for newcomers to understand all the intricacies of this section of physics, a special manual "Electricity for Dummies" was developed. An excursion into the world of an electron must begin with consideration of theoretical laws and concepts. Illustrative examples, historical facts used in the book "Electricity for Dummies", will help novice electricians to acquire knowledge. To check the progress, you can use assignments, tests, exercises related to electricity.

If you understand that you do not have enough theoretical knowledge to deal with the electrical wiring yourself, refer to the "dummies" manuals.

Safety and Practice

First, you need to carefully study the section on safety. In this case, during work related to electricity, there will be no emergencies hazardous to health.

In order to practice the theoretical knowledge obtained after an independent study of the basics of electrical engineering, you can start with the old home appliances. Before starting repairs, be sure to read the instructions that came with the device. Do not forget that you do not have to joke with electricity.

The electric current is associated with the movement of electrons in the conductors. If the substance is not capable of conducting a current, it is called a dielectric (insulator).

For the motion of free electrons from one pole to another there must be a definite potential difference between them.

The intensity of the current passing through the conductor is related to the number of electrons passing through the cross section of the conductor.

The speed of the current flow is affected by the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor. As the length of the wire increases, its resistance increases.

Conclusion

Electricity is an important and complex section of physics. The manual "Electricity for Dummies" considers the main values characterizing the efficiency of electric motors. Units of voltage measurement are volts, the current is determined in amperes.

Any power source has a certain power. It implies the amount of electricity produced by the device for a certain period of time. Consumers of energy (refrigerators, washing machines, kettles, irons) also have power, consuming electricity during operation. If desired, you can conduct mathematical calculations, determine the approximate fee for each household appliance.