Dynasty of the Romanovs: years of government. All the Russian tsars of the Romanov dynasty

For the last 300 years or so, the autocracy in Russia was directly connected with the Romanov dynasty. They managed to gain a foothold on the throne in the time of the Troubles. The sudden appearance on the political horizon of a new dynasty is the largest event in the life of any state. Usually it is accompanied by a coup or revolution, but in any case, the change of power pulls the exclusion of the old ruling elite by force.

Prehistory

In Russia, the emergence of a new dynasty was due to the fact that the Rurikovich branch was interrupted with the death of the descendants of Ivan IV the Terrible. This state of affairs in the country has generated not only a profound political, but also a social crisis. Ultimately, this led to the fact that foreigners interfered in the affairs of the state.

It should be noted that never before in the history of Russia the rulers who brought new dynasties with them, as after the death of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, have not changed so often. In those days, not only representatives of the elite, but other social strata aspired to the throne. Foreigners also tried to intervene in the struggle for power.

On the throne, one after the other, the descendants of the Rurik people appeared in the person of Vasily Shuisky (1606-1610), representatives of the non-titled boyars led by Boris Godunov (1597-1605), there were even impostors - False Dmitry I (1605-1606) and False Dmitry II (1607- 1610). But none of them managed to stay in power for long. This continued until 1613, until the Russian tsars of the Romanov dynasty came.

Origin

At once it is necessary to note that this family as such has gone from the Zakharievs. And the Romanovs are not quite the right name. It all started with the fact that Patriarch Filaret, ie, Zakhariev Fyodor Nikolayevich, decided to change his name. Guided by the fact that his father was Nikita Romanovich, and his grandfather - Roman Yurievich, he came up with the name "Romanov". Thus, the genus received a new name, which is also used today.

The royal dynasty of the Romanovs (reigns of 1613-1917) began with Mikhail Fedorovich. After him ascended the throne, Alexei Mikhailovich, nicknamed the people "Tishayshim." Then there was Fyodor Alekseevich. Then the rules were Tsarina Sofya Alekseyevna and Ivan V Alekseevich.

During the reign of Peter I - in 1721 - the state was finally re-formed and became the Russian Empire. Kings have sunk into oblivion. Now the Emperor became emperor. In total, the Romanovs gave Russia 19 rulers. Among them - 5 women. Here is a table, where the whole dynasty of the Romanovs, the years of government and titles are visually displayed.

As already mentioned above, the Russian throne was sometimes occupied by women. But the government of Paul I passed a law that from now on the title of emperor can only be a direct heir from among men. Since then no woman has ascended to the throne.

The dynasty of the Romanovs, whose reign did not always have a quiet time, in 1856 received its official coat of arms. It shows a neck holding a tarch and a golden sword in its paws. The edges of the coat of arms are decorated with eight severed lion heads.

The last Emperor

In 1917, power in the country was seized by the Bolsheviks, who overthrew the government of the country. Emperor Nicholas II was the last of the Romanov dynasty. He was given the nickname "Bloody" for the fact that during the two revolutions of 1905 and 1917, thousands of people were killed by his order.

Historians believe that the last emperor was a gentle ruler, so he made several unpardonable mistakes in both domestic and foreign policy. It was they who led to the fact that the situation in the country was heated to the limit. Failures in the Japanese, and then World War I, greatly undermined the authority of the emperor himself and of the entire royal family.

In 1917, the night of July 17, the royal family, which included, in addition to the emperor himself and his wife, also five children, was shot by the Bolsheviks. At that time, the only heir to the Russian throne was Nikolai's little son, Alexei.

Nowadays

The Romanovs are the oldest boyar clan that gave Russia a great dynasty of kings, and then emperors. They ruled the state for a little more than three hundred years, since the XVI century. The dynasty of the Romanovs, whose reign ended when the Bolsheviks came to power, was interrupted, but several branches of this kind exist now. All of them live abroad. Approximately 200 of them have different titles, but none can occupy the Russian throne, even if the monarchy is restored.