Dwarf pears: varieties, description, features of planting and care

Every year the world grows the number of fruits of pears, obtained on dwarf trees. They are not as common as dwarf apple trees, but their popularity is growing every year. What are the advantages of this method of growing pears and are there any disadvantages?

Advantages of dwarf pears

Usually pears are very tall. In the garden, they take up a lot of space. Therefore, placing several varieties can be problematic. Fruit-bearing begins very late, for 5-7 years. And when the tree grows and the fruits become many, another problem arises: they are difficult to remove from a great height. It turns out, as in a well-known riddle: a pear hanging - you can not eat it. When processing trees with various drugs, it is difficult to get to the top.

All these shortcomings are deprived of dwarf pears. Pluses:

• They are small.
• They occupy little space.
• Fast begin to bear fruit, for 2-3 years.
• Harvesting from dwarf pears is easy.
• Easier to carry out treatment against diseases and pests.

On one sotka of the earth it is possible to place 20-30 dwarfish pears. While the usual silnoroslyh there is placed at best 6 pieces.

But maybe the harvest from them will be less than with one big? Perhaps, if you add the weight of the fruit that fell from the tree and broke. And if you take those that you will pluck from an ordinary pear, using a ladder-ladder, then the weight of the fruit from the dwarf trees can be greater. With one such pear they collect from 3 to 8 kg of fruit.

In addition, on a high-pear, usually fruits of one kind, and dwarf in this area, you can put a few.

disadvantages

From the minuses can be called:

• Relatively short life, about 15 years.
• They require more careful care: watering, pruning, fertilizer.

How to grow dwarf pears

To get a small pear tree in a vegetative way, special stocks are prepared. For pears, a type A fillet is used.

Therefore, the new tree is a pear only half, at the top. The lower one remains a quince with all its inherent properties.

Growing of dwarf pears

The quince, which serves as the basis of the dwarf pear, does not endure severe frosts. Therefore, when planting the entire lower part, up to the place of inoculation, it is necessary to hide under the ground. In this case, it will survive in severe frost in the absence of snow cover.

Irga, cotoneaster are not afraid of frosts. Therefore, they are used as a stock for the northern gardening zone. You just need to leave some branches of the plant ungrafted. They will supply the pear and the whole plant with products of photosynthesis. True, after a few years the graft will significantly exceed the stock in diameter.

Using a cotoneaster as a rootstock prolongs the life of pears. They can bear fruit up to 30 years and more, giving yields up to 30 kg. But such cases are more likely an exception.

The soil for growing dwarf pears must be fertile. This may be chernozem, sandy loam or chestnut loam. It feels good on sod-podzolic lands. Will not grow on salty soils.

The plus is that the close occurrence of groundwater will not be harmful to trees.

The roots of the dwarf pear are located in the upper layers. You need watering the trees often. This can be considered a disadvantage of a dwarf pear.

Compatibility of a pear with a stock

You might think that with the beginning of the era of dwarf trees, any sort of pear can be planted on quince and get a low tree. But it is not so. Some varieties do not combine with a quince. Distributed dwarf pears - varieties Chizhovskaya, Sverdlovchanka.

Compatibility of a pear with an irge is much better than with a cotoneaster. Many famous varieties do not take root on it. Therefore, experienced gardeners are advised to use the intermediate rootstock, compatible with it, for growing pears of such varieties on the cotoneaster.

Accommodation in the garden

Usually, trees of different heights grow in the garden. When planning their placement, it is necessary to place seedlings of dwarf pear and bushes in the southern and eastern parts. They are to be planted semi-dwarfed, and in the northern part - vintile. If the garden is already formed, you need to see which of the tall trees can be sacrificed. Another option is to put them on rejuvenation. Then the garden will become much lighter. And there will be more places.

Use dwarf pears to plant between rows of tall trees until they have grown. For those years, until they reach the maximum height, dwarf pears will have to be removed.

Dwarf trees need a lot of sunlight. But sometimes he can from a friend of a plant turn into his enemy. In early spring, the tree bark can suffer from sunburn. To prevent this from happening, with the first rays of the spring sun, the bark of the trees is treated with lime. Too high temperatures also harm trees. If the temperature exceeds 30 degrees, the trees feel bad. Fruits can get burns.

Varieties of dwarf pears

What is better to grow dwarf pears? Sorts should be selected zoned. They must be frost-resistant, as little as possible to be exposed to various diseases.

All sorts of pears are delicious. But they must be planted so that the fruits ripen at different times. This will provide an opportunity to extend the period of consumption of these tasty and useful fruits.

On a small plot, a couple of summer varieties are placed, three autumn ones. Winter should be twice as much. After all, the period of consumption of harvested fruit is much longer than the time of their presence on the tree.

In any garden, it is sufficient to divert up to 10 percent of the area for summer gardens, where dwarf pears are planted: Carmen, Decora or G-5 (summer-autumn) varieties.

Pear Carmen is distinguished by fruits of burgundy color, weight of which reaches 300 g. They are very sweet and tasty.

The variety of Decora ripens in late August. At this time, the weight of the fruit can reach 260 g. Valued for a delicate aroma resembling a rose, and sweet and sour taste of fruits.

Fruits of G-5 yellow color with strong orzhavlennostyu. Their weight can reach 250 grams. Gardeners note in the reviews winter hardiness of this pear and resistance to disease.

By the autumn is Berez Gardi with oval-conical fruits of green color. They can reach 250 g. They shoot in the beginning of September. Fruits ripen in early October. The variety is resistant to scab.

More varieties should be late chimneys, which are well kept. These include dwarf pears of the Carmen variety, Bere Ardanton. Their fruits can be stored until the end of January.

Pear Bir Ardanton (Ferdinand) - with fruits of yellow color with subcutaneous white dots. They taste sweet and sour. Fruits are removed from the tree at the end of October, and they ripen in early December. They lie in a cool room until mid-January. Disadvantage can be considered low winter hardiness and a tendency to some diseases.

To the late-winter varieties of dwarfish pears is the Grand Champion. Its fruit of yellow color with russet and sweet and sour-sweet harmonious taste is removed from the tree at the end of September. They are kept until January. The tree is resistant to scab.

Pears that you are going to buy, it is better to try first. One picture may not be enough.

To buy exactly the variety you need, buy seedlings from well-known gardeners with a good reputation.

Description of dwarf pears

The dwarf pear is not high, up to 2.5 m. The shape of the crown depends on the way it is formed and the variety. It can be narrow pyramidal (Sverdlovchanka) or in the form of a bowl.

Cultivation

Planting dwarf pears on a dwarfish rootstock is needed after 2.5 m. Between rows to leave 3 meters.

Plant them in the southern regions better in the fall. So they will have time to take root till the spring. In the northern areas it is better to plant in the spring so that they do not freeze over the winter. But you need to hurry and plant trees before the buds blossom. Otherwise, dwarf pears may dry out. Comments gardeners say that these trees often begin to bloom already in the second year after planting. But you do not need to hurry with the harvest. It is worthwhile to break most flowers, so that the plant has the strength to increase skeletal branches, on which the harvest will later be retained.

Crown formation

Dwarf pears need the correct formation of the crown. If this is not done or carried out incorrectly, the skeletal branches that grow vertically in the pear will break off under the weight of the fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to form a tree so that the skeletal branches move away from the trunk at an angle of approximately 45 degrees or slightly larger. Often such an angle needs to be formed. To do this, the young branches are bent at the right angle and fixed, tied to a special support, the neighboring tree.

Varieties of dwarf pears for the Moscow region

Many varieties of dwarf pears are cultivated in the Central regions. The best summer ones are Tenderness, Sapphire, Severyanka, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Decorah, Firefly, Sverdlovchanka, Chizhovskaya, Veles.

Pear of Veles (she is the Daughter of Excellent) is an autumn variety. It has good winter hardiness, resistance to fungal diseases. In adulthood it reaches 4 m. The crown is wide-pyramidal. Fruits of yellow-green color with an orange tinge reach 180 g. Pulp is sweet and delicate, cream-colored. The pear of Veles needs constant pruning, otherwise the fruits begin to grow smaller. The variety is self-fertilized, but other varieties planted next to them increase the yield.