Diseases of the stomach: symptoms, treatment, diet. Diagnosis and prevention of stomach diseases

The stomach is a hollow muscular organ that performs an important function in the body, associated with digestion. The process of digestion of food is rather complicated, therefore any diseases of the stomach and duodenum can negatively affect the work of the whole organism and give serious failures in other systems. In the chain of digestion, this organ ranks second, while special enzymes and acids are released in it.

The causes of gastric diseases are negative external effects on the body. These include:

- stressful situations that affect the reduction of the formation of gastric juice;

- Nervous breakdowns, which can cause deterioration of appetite and even anorexia;

- poor-quality food, abuse of diets;

Poisoning with toxic substances.

There are other causes of stomach diseases. Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of disease. Most often complaints of the patient are cramping pains, frequent attacks of nausea, heartburn and burning sensation in the throat, caused by an increased level of acidity in the stomach.

The main diseases of the stomach

Diseases of the stomach and duodenum are practically in every person. They have different degrees of development and severity. Specialists, nutritionists say that the health of the stomach reflects the lifestyle of a person, his tastes and habits. Some diseases develop slowly, while others develop abruptly, suddenly and rapidly. Sometimes the signs of gastric ailments develop so violently that the patient needs urgent hospitalization.

The main symptoms of gastric illnesses include pain in the hypochondrium on the right side, which increase with food or, conversely, when the patient is hungry. In more complex forms, the pain acquires a constant aching character with paroxysmal flares. Self-medication only aggravates the inflammatory process and promotes the development of more serious types of stomach disease. Symptoms, treatment for each type of disease have their own characteristics. For example, with ulcers, a characteristic symptom is an eructation with a sour smell, and for gastritis the appearance of heartburn is more common. Sometimes, with diseases, gastric bleeding occurs , and eating can be accompanied by sudden attacks of vomiting. Treatment of ailments of the stomach depends on the severity of the patient's condition, the nature of the disease and its clinical manifestations.

Gastritis

Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which arises from the effects of bacteria, malnutrition, alcoholism, as well as the abuse of diets and starvation (especially snacks sandwiches and dry food), spices and spicy food. The most common symptoms of this stomach disease (treatment and signs of gastritis depend on the causes that cause it) are characterized by an increased level of acidity, heartburn, sore throat when swallowing. In addition, the signs of gastritis include and disorder of the intestines: constipation or, conversely, diarrhea. If the cause of gastritis are pathogenic bacteria, then it progresses fairly quickly, erosion and destruction of the walls of the gastric muscle are noted.

In addition, the cause can be an acute autoimmune process, when the body perceives its own stomach as something alien. Antibodies produced by the body begin to attack it and corrode walls and mucous membranes. During the treatment of the disease it is important to take medications only after eating, when gastric juice is produced. In this case, the patient must be prescribed a diet in case of stomach illness, which completely excludes the use of alcoholic beverages, spicy, spicy and fatty foods. Diagnosis is carried out by endoscopy.

Stomach ulcer: symptoms, treatment

The destruction of the walls of the stomach leads to a peptic ulcer, which is characterized by an increased amount of produced acid and bile. Ulcers can be either single or multiple. The causes of the disease are the following:

- improper diet (snacks in the dry, lack of first courses in the diet);

- Alcohol, smoking;

- taking certain medications;

- stresses, nervous shocks;

- violation of the regime of work and rest.

The main sign of peptic ulcer is a turbulent eructation with a characteristic acidic odor. Other symptoms include nausea, pain in the hypochondrium, loss of appetite and a sharp decrease in weight. Complications of gastric ulcer are the risk of gastric bleeding, perforation or penetration of the stomach, as well as the development of stenosis of the pylorus. Treatment of both peptic ulcer and its complications is mainly carried out surgically.

Complications of peptic ulcer

Untimely or inadequate treatment of ulcers can lead to some complications of this disease. The most common include the above - perforation, penetration, bleeding and stenosis of the pylorus.

Ulcer bleeding is characterized by bloody vomiting and the presence of blood in the feces. If the ulcer is localized above the Treetz ligament, the patient is more likely to vomit, if lower, then a black (bloody) stool. In this case, the patient rapidly decreases hemoglobin. First aid at home involves washing the stomach with cold water and applying a packet of ice to the stomach. Drug treatment includes the use of H2-blockers, Novocaine and Adrenaline preparations, liquid fibrinogen, secretin and other medications. In difficult cases, surgical intervention is performed.

Perforation of the stomach ulcer is a serious complication. Symptoms include acute pain of the "dagger" nature, muscle tension of the anterior abdominal wall, bradycardia, epigastrium, pallor of the skin, positive Syndrome Shtetkina-Blumberg. After 5-8 hours after perforation, a stomach ulcer can acquire a different form of complication - peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum). Characteristic signs of this patient condition include a threadlike rapid pulse, hypotension, dynamic intestinal obstruction, fever and leukocytosis. Later, symptoms are added to flatulence, urine retention, stools, in rare cases, vomiting occurs. For the treatment of perforated ulcers, the laparoscopic method can be used.

Penetration is the spread of the ulcer into the surrounding tissues. In this case, several stages of this complication of peptic ulcer are distinguished:

- necrosis through all layers of the hollow organ and duodenum;

- fibrous fusion with the organs adjacent to the stomach or duodenum;

- penetration of the ulcer into the tissues of adjacent organs.

The diagnosis is carried out using an X-ray or an endoscope, which is typical for any stomach disease. Symptoms and treatment are closely related. The clinical picture is caused by intense pain of a constant nature, nausea and vomiting, which tend to increase. Symptoms of the inflammatory process also appear: a high level of ESR, leukocytosis, subfebrile temperature. Treatment, as a rule, operative.

Under the stenosis of the gatekeeper is understood the localization of the ulcer in the duodenum and pyloric canal. Violation of patency is exacerbated by pyloric inflammation and spasm. This complication is one of the severe forms of stomach disease. Symptoms, treatment of this type of peptic ulcer depend on whether the process is recurrent. When relapsing, the patient develops a violent feeling in the epigastric region, nausea, attacks of vomiting, and a sharp decrease in weight. Treatment in this case is always only surgical.

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach or glandular cancer

Adenocarcinoma in medical practice is quite common. As a rule, the tumor is localized in the antral or pyloric parts of the stomach. The most common cause of the disease is excessive consumption of foods with a high content of nitrites.

At an early stage of the course adenocarcinoma is manifested by nausea, heaviness in the stomach, lack of appetite and rapid weight loss, intestinal disorder. Immediately after taking a small amount of food, the patient has a feeling of distress in the place of the solar plexus, which indicates the presence of an intra-wall tumor. With oncology of the cardinal department, there is a lack of food in the duodenum, which is accompanied by vomiting. Running cancer cases are accompanied by pain in the epigastric region, with the dissolution of the tumor there is internal bleeding, which is detected by the presence of blood in the stool, bloody vomiting. Treatment of stomach diseases of an oncological nature is performed surgically by total (resection of the entire stomach) and subtotal (resection of its part).

Bulbit stomach

Pain in the stomach always means the presence of any pathology. Feeling of heaviness, heartburn, nausea are considered signs of gastritis. Usually the patient takes medication on his own, which "dulls" the symptoms, but does not treat the disease itself. The aggravation of gastritis spreads to the duodenum and is called bulbit.

Bulbite is catarrhal and erosive and is a type of inflammatory stomach disease. Symptoms, treatment of such ailments are described many times in special literature. The disease is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, severe pain, a feeling of bitterness in the mouth. Pain sensations falsely resemble attacks of pancreatitis.

To remove the pain syndrome will help drugs-antacids, such as "Gastal", "Almagel A". They are able to neutralize the destructive effect of discarded bile and acid, and the main method of treatment is a diet with stomach disease. During the exacerbation of the disease should immediately stop taking all medications, stop smoking, coffee, alcohol. Categorically prohibited starvation, abuse of diet for weight loss, as well as taking dietary supplements.

Stomach erosion

For proper functioning of the body, the gastric environment is very important. But by its nature and chemical composition, it is quite aggressive, with the slightest malfunction in the body, it causes serious damage to human health. The main task of gastric juice is the digestion and digestion of food, the quality of which, unfortunately, often leaves much to be desired. Owing to such contact, irritation of the gastric mucosa often occurs and single or multiple erosions or sores appear.

The following negative factors are attributed to the causes of erosion:

- poor irregular nutrition;

- chronic diseases of the stomach;

- Nervous disorders, stresses and so on.

Such pathologies are divided into three groups:

- primary erosion;

- secondary erosion;

- Oncology.

In this case, according to the form of the disease, it can be either acute or chronic. The symptomatology of erosion is typical for all diseases of the stomach, but the risk of its transition to ulcer is very high. Treatment of erosive phenomena takes a long time and depends on many different factors. Consider the nature of pathology, the root cause of the disease and so on. Antibiotic therapy is ineffective in erosion of the stomach and is only used if the disease is caused by an infection. Drug therapy is necessarily reinforced by a strict diet, especially if the stomach hurts. Diseases, the symptoms of which are characterized by nausea and vomiting, are not recommended to be treated with medications, since some of them are capable of even more destroying the inflamed body walls.

Stomach carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma is a malignant formation that occurs due to many provoking factors. The risk group most often includes male patients older than 40 years who have a history of polyps in the stomach, peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. To provoke the disease can be the abuse of products with carcinogens, as well as alcohol and smoking. Excessive consumption of salt also causes pathological inflammation of the mucous membranes. Equally important is the hereditary factor.

Symptoms of carcinoma consist in increased fatigability of the patient, apathy, lack of appetite and aversion to certain products. A person quickly grows thin, weakens, it is constantly tormented by heaviness in the stomach, there is a sudden vomiting. The blood test shows increased leukocytosis, the content of myelocytes and myeloblasts. For diagnosis, use X-ray, ultrasound, tomography and a biopsy of the stomach. Treatment is medically and surgically. Conservative medicine implies the use of analgesics and antiemetics, vitamins and antitumor agents.

Prevention of peptic ulcer of this type of stomach is to adhere to the diet, avoid stress and nervous shocks, rejection of low-quality alcohol products, smoking and other bad habits.

Expediency of folk treatment of peptic ulcer diseases

Many people are afraid of surgical techniques when they have a stomach ache. Diseases, the symptoms of which were considered above, can be treated with the methods of alternative medicine. Additional alternative therapies, chosen in conjunction with the attending physician, can provide the patient with relief of symptoms and reducing inflammation of the mucosa. Unfortunately, with the help of nontraditional therapy, not all stomach diseases can be overcome. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies of any disease should be discussed with a doctor, since sometimes such therapy can not only be irrational, but also can significantly harm the patient. For example, oncological diseases, as well as perforation, peritonitis, perforation and other severe forms require immediate surgical intervention. Any postponement of surgery threatens the patient with a fatal outcome.

Other types of gastric ulcer, the symptoms, the treatment of folk remedies which were discussed with the doctor, may well recede with the use of various decoctions of medicinal plants. A good remedy is the tincture of the root of aconite, celandine, potato and calendula flowers. Decoctions of strawberries, ara, corn stigmas help to relieve inflammation. Each patient is treated with folk remedies individually.

Prevention of peptic ulcer disease

Prevention of stomach diseases is an important part of the treatment process. The patient needs to eat properly, avoid salty, spicy, spices, completely give up coffee, alcohol, smoking. To control the symptoms of diseases, and to prevent their appearance, one should eat often, in small portions. Skipping meals is extremely undesirable, but overeating threatens inflammatory processes. Do not swallow food with large, poorly chewed chunks.

Treatment of stomach diseases is complicated and at the risk of developing various complications. That's why it's better to take care of your health and avoid such problems. Prevention of peptic ulcer of the stomach includes simple measures. We should try to avoid various stressful situations, practice relaxation techniques, meditation, observe the regime of work and rest. Physical training is important. Uncomplicated physical exercises help keep muscles toned.