EducationThe science

Density of glass and its application

In a series of great discoveries, such as the invention of the wheel, the production of fire and the production of electricity, you can safely make and the production of glasses. A unique combination of chemical and physical qualities make them a unique material, without which it is already impossible to imagine human life. Glass is one of the most important materials used in construction. The components forming it are quartz sand, limestone and dolomite, soda and a small amount of other substances.

In 1959, a high-pressure pump was invented, which greatly facilitated the work of glass blowers, and already in 1971 the Englishman William Peillington managed to automate the production of glass. This served as a breakthrough in this field of activity. Later it turned out that when adding different components, this material changes its properties (for example, the density of the glass is significantly increased, and consequently, it becomes more resistant to mechanical influences). And in a few years the manufacturers calculated that reheating and very sharp cooling multiplies its strength many times. If all the time and temperature parameters are observed, it is easy to achieve an increase in mechanical properties by a factor of four.

The most important properties of this material include glass density, hardness, strength, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, brittleness and optical properties. Density is the ratio of body weight to its full volume. It is almost completely dependent on the chemical composition. To a significant extent, this indicator depends on the temperature. The lowest values are observed in quartz glass, and the density of glass containing tantalum, lead, bismuth oxides is, on the contrary, maximum.

For many years the process of manufacturing this unique material could not be improved. The production of glasses took a lot of time and energy. The principal changes occurred in 1959, when a new method called the float process was promulgated by Alastair Pilkington. It was very similar to the previous ones, but its cardinal difference was the passage of the molten material while drawing through a bath of liquid tin. The glass acquired a perfectly flat surface, as well as the same thickness. The method is so well established that it is used to this day.

Hardening plays the most important role in production. This is such a treatment, in which the glass becomes safer, especially when broken. Shards do not hurt a person, which is the main reason for using just such products in the production of furniture, partitions, doors. Another way of processing is bending glass. Curved glass - a very whimsical material, so this production is a bit less common.

Finished products, including hardened samples, can easily be surface treated. Sand blasting glass is one of the most common types. The shock wave of sand is directed in a certain way so that to knock out on the glass the tracks conceived by the designer. Whimsical patterns and matting effect give irresistibility and individuality to each glass.

Coloring is also often used in production. Such processing of the glass is encountered in the decoration of walls and in the manufacture of countertops. Inexhaustible set of ways allows each day to produce from this amazing material as household items, and beautiful masterpieces.

With the years of varieties of glass has become much more, which allowed its use in many areas of human activity. The main thing is not to forget that no matter how hard the manufacturers try to protect people during operation, it is necessary to handle with care this delicious, but still fragile material. The density of the glass and its resistance to damage has its reasonable limits!

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