Cemetery Vvedenskoe: directions, graves of celebrities

Since ancient times, on the shore of Yauza, on the outskirts of Moscow, strangers settled in a foreign faith, seeking in the country Ruthenians glory and money. Orthodox called them nemchinami, and place - German settlement.

The young Tsar Peter, an adherent of the European way of life, enjoyed visiting the settlement with pleasure. Soon he had a real friend and companion - Swiss Lefort. He had a great influence on the formation of the thoughts and goals of Peter, and hence the entire Russian state. His name is still called the area where the German settlement was located.

Franz Yakovlevich Lefort is buried with honors at the top of the Vvedensky Mountain. A terrible epitaph on the monument inspired fear, and eventually it was destroyed, and ashes were reburied in the Vvedenskoye cemetery.

The history of the churchyard

Peter I tried to impose a ban on burials near the temples, which in those days was accepted. His daughter Elizabeth during the reign also ordered the transfer of cemeteries that could meet her on the journey.

The final point was set by Catherine II and the plague, which gathered a rich harvest in Moscow in 1771.

Outside the city limits, near the Vvedensky Mountains, Lefortovo Hill is now on the bank of the Sinička River, a site was taken up near the German (Inobrian) cemetery. Initially, it was planned to bury Lutherans, Catholics, Anglicans.

Gradually, the territory expanded beyond the ravine and the river. The earth wall was replaced by a stone wall. They widened the entrance from Nalichnaya street and opened the second one from the opposite side on the Hospital shaft.

In the XIX century burials of people of other faiths began to appear. It also became known as the cemetery itself - Vvedenskoe.

In the middle of XX century the territory once again increased. At the same time, a columbarium wall appeared.

History of graves

Vvedenskoe cemetery has existed for more than two centuries, and thanks to this has long been transformed into a museum in the open air.

By names on the graves you can find out about those who contributed to the development of the state, strengthened its fame and power.

The fact that the burials were made from different denominations, left a tangible imprint on the architecture of gravestones. Monuments, necropolises and chapels are vivid examples of classicism, Gothic style, Empire style. Many of them are created by great masters.

Unfortunately, the tombstones on the graves until the beginning of the XIX century are practically not preserved.

Temples and Chapels

Once upon a time there were 2 Lutheran churches and 14 chapels. By the end of the XIX century, the North Entrance was adorned with a common chapel with a belfry for the burial service. Architect Rode designed it in Byzantine style, thereby emphasizing the original unity of all European religions.

At the beginning of the 20th century a large Gothic chapel appeared, decorated with details in the Art Nouveau style. After the revolution, it housed administrative premises. In 70 years the building was returned to the bosom of the church, restored and re-consecrated. Now it maintains services in Russian and Finnish.

Vvedenskoe Cemetery is remarkable for the fact that here are the graves of prominent church figures. After the revolution, during the persecutions of the ministers of worship, Orthodox priests begin to be buried in the necropolis. Before the Great Patriotic War, these graves were under the protection of the Lutheran community of Moscow.

The grave of "Chrysostom Orthodoxy" Metropolitan Tryphon was visited by Patriarch Alexy II and served a moleben.

Due to a serious illness Protopriest Alexei Myachyov escaped reprisals. The ban on the authorities to communicate with believers has greatly reduced his life. He was buried next to his wife in a German cemetery. In 2000, the number of saints. Newly-acquired relics were transferred to the St. Nicholas Church in Moscow.

For a long time, the abandoned grave of the old man Zosima remained. There is a story about the blessed beggar Tamara, who lived in a cemetery and collected alms. On the collected money she cleared and partially restored the chapel of the family Erlanger. She also arranged the old man's grave and helped build a small chapel made of metal above it.

Thanks to this selfless woman, one can come to worship Zosima and ask for advice in family matters, help in choosing the second half.

Architectural heritage, historical graves and necropolises

Old European churchyards are more like galleries, where samples of many trends in art are presented. There is no exception in this cemetery Vvedenskoe. Many famous sculptors and architects have made a hand in the manufacture of crypts, chapels, tombstones.

About the ancient tomb of Boray, there are still legends. Until the end of World War II in the arch stood a statue of Christ of the famous Romanelli. During the rain, droplets dripped from the hand of the savior, this water was considered holy, capable of curing diseases.

The pilgrimage to the statue was incompatible with the ideology of the country of that time, the statue was removed. Now she is in the seminary in Sergiev Posad.

The interior of the chapel of the Erlanger family is decorated with a panel executed according to the sketches of Petrov-Vodkin. In this chapel they bring notes with requests, they make a prayer to the Lord, they light candles. No one remembers when she began to attract Orthodox Christians.

On the main avenue there are many tombstones of different styles dating from the first half of the 19th century. A striking example of Gothic is the grave of the hero of the war of 1812, General Count Palen.

Well preserved to our days is the crypt of Musina-Pushkina, executed in the manner of Empire. Once the white walls darkened from the time, they were covered with moss, but still retain their silent greatness.

Since the middle of the nineteenth century, granite monuments of black and red have been preserved. Empire in the cemetery is presented in the form of truncated columns, steles, boulders.

Since the beginning of 1900, the symbols of professional affiliation have been used in tombstones. At the grave of Meyen - a monument in the form of details relevant to the railway business. The aviator Bukin monument is crowned by a propeller.

Enchants the grave of writer Prishvin. Sculptor Konenkov sculptured the legendary bird Phoenix, so that it would protect the peace of the great master of nature description with its wings.

Military and common graves

Cemetery Vvedenskoe can boast that on its land is the territory of the European state. This small place, surrounded by a chain that is attached to dug-in cannons, is the common grave of French soldiers. They died in Moscow and its environs during the Patriotic War of 1812.

The gravestone on the former grave of pilots from the regiment "Normandy-Neman" is simple and concise. The ashes were transported to their homeland, and the tombstone stands as a tribute to the friendship and unity of the peoples in a terrible war.

Granite obelisks on communal graves are reminiscent of the unprecedented feat of Soviet soldiers who died on the outskirts of the capital.

Graves of famous people

What the Vvedensky Cemetery can be proud of is the graves of celebrities. The heroes of war and labor, politicians, historians, military men, people of art, sports, literature found their rest here.

Perhaps the most revered place is the grave of the "holy doctor" Haas. He spent all his life and money to translate the evangelical expression "hurry to do good." All the main attributes of his work were embodied in the tombstone. A heavy boulder is a symbol of an unbearable burden imposed on himself by a prison doctor, a cross he carried with honor until the last days. Shackles are an achievement that can be proud of.

Few people know that the restaurant "Hermitage" in the Neskuchny Garden of Moscow was organized by Lucien Olivier. Honor his salad is paid by more than one generation of Russians at the New Year's table. His grave can be found on the 12th section of the cemetery.

To the publisher Sytin, young poets and writers of the early 20th century are grateful. To worship this person on behalf of everyone he made recognizable and famous, you can on the 14th site.

A bright personality, unsurpassed commentator Nikolay Ozerov rests on the 21st plot.

Just recently I found my last shelter in the 6th section of the jovial and jokey writer-satirist Arkady Arkanov.

Those wishing to pay their last debt to their favorite actors should definitely visit the Vvedenskoe cemetery. The graves of celebrities can be found without difficulty under the signs. Here are just a few names:

• Bright and amazing opera diva Maria Maksakova ;
• The best in the world grandmother Tatiana Peltzer;
• The hostess of an apartment on Baker Street Rina Green;
• A giggle and singing from "The Girl" by Lucien Ovchinnikov;
• The creator of the immortal "Pokrovsky Gate" Mikhail Kozakov;
• Actress with 70 years of experience, beautiful Lydia Smirnova.

This list can be continued for a very long time.

Cemetery plan

Initially, the territory of the cemetery was divided into confessions. Two sites were assigned to Lutherans and Catholics. One by one - Anglicans and Lutherans-Reformers. Each parcel was also assigned to a certain parish.

The modern Vvedenskoye cemetery is divided into numbered areas for better orientation and searching for the desired burial. There are thirty in all. On the perimeter along the fence there are walls for burial urns with ashes.

On the territory is the administration, the office of ritual services, production services, the church for the funeral service.

How to get there?

It is located within the city limits, which allows those who wish to easily find and visit the Vvedenskoe cemetery.

How to get from the metro station "Baumanskaya"? Unfortunately, this station is currently closed, and the way on public transport is not very convenient, since there is no direct route. But for fans of hiking it will be pleasant and informative to walk. The journey takes no more than 40 minutes and will bring true pleasure.

More convenient way - from the metro station "Electrozavodskaya" by bus route 59 or by route taxi 636. Go about 30 minutes to the stop "Museum" Lefortovo ".

The fastest route is from the metro stations "Semenovskaya" and "Aviamotornaya". Take the tram number 32, 43, 46 and after 25 minutes get off at the stop "Vvedenskoe cemetery". How to get there and how to use the transport depends only on personal preferences and the starting point.

Address and time of work

Mailing address: Vvedenskoye cemetery, Moscow, Nalichnaya street, 1.

Necropolis is open to visitors:

• October-April - from 9.00 to 17.00;
• May-September - from 9.00 to 19.00.

According to unverified data, professional photography with a tripod and video shooting is prohibited. Guard jealously monitors the behavior of visitors.

There is an opportunity to organize an excursion for the group or individually. In two hours you can see and learn a lot of interesting things about the history of the place and the people who found the last shelter here.