Botany is the division of the science of plants

Botany is a field of biology that studies plants. This group includes autotrophs, eukaryotes and other organisms, including multicellular organisms, which produce their own food products. The kingdom of plants is a huge variety of species. The science of plants is concerned with the study of species, as well as ecology, anatomy and plant physiology.

What does botany study?

Botany is the division of the science of plants. One of the most ancient natural sciences in the world is engaged in the study of the metabolism and function of organisms, the so-called plant physiology, as well as the processes of growth, development and reproduction.

The science of plants is responsible for the study of heredity (plant genetics), adaptation to the environment, ecology, geographical distribution. Among the varieties it is worth mentioning geobotany, phytogeography and paleontology (studying fossils).

History of botany

Botany is the division of the science of plants. As a science botany began to be considered, beginning with the period of European colonialism, although human interest in plants goes back much further. The research area covered plants and trees on their land, as well as exotic specimens brought during numerous trips. And in ancient times, willy-nilly, one had to study certain plants. Even at the dawn of time people tried to identify the medicinal properties of plants, their growing season.

Cereals, fruits and vegetables were vital for the social development of all mankind. When there was no science in the modern sense of the word, mankind explored plants within the framework of the agricultural revolution.

Such eminent figures of Ancient Greece and Rome, as Aristotle, Theophrastus and Dioscorides, among other major sciences have advanced to a new level and botany. Theophrastus is even called the father of botany, thanks to which two fundamental works were written, which were used for 1500 years and continue to be applied to this day.

As in many sciences, during the Renaissance and the Reformation, and at the dawn of the Enlightenment, there has been a significant breakthrough in the study of botany. The microscope was invented in the late 16th century, which allowed to study plants like never before, including small details such as phytoliths and pollen. Began to expand knowledge not only about the plants themselves, but also about their multiplication, exchange processes and other aspects that until then were closed to humanity.

Groups of plants

1. The simplest plants are all bryophytes, they are small, they do not have stems, leaves and roots. Mosses prefer places with high humidity and constantly need water for reproduction.

2. All vascular spore plants, unlike mosses, have vessels carrying juice, as well as leaves, stem and root. These plants are also strongly dependent on water. Representatives, for example, are ferns and horsetails.

3. All seeds are more complex plants, possessing such an important evolutionary advantage as seeds. This is extremely important, since it guarantees protection of the embryo and providing it with food. Distinguish gymnosperms (pine) and angiosperms (coconut palms).

Ecology of plants

Ecology of plants differs from botany, its subject of study is how plants interact with the environment and react to environmental and climate change. The human population is constantly increasing, and more land is needed, so the issue of protecting natural resources and taking care of them is especially acute.

The ecology of plants recognizes eleven basic types of environment in which plant life is possible:

• rainforests,
• Forests of the temperate zone,
• Coniferous forests,
• Tropical savannah,
• Meadows of the temperate zone (plains),
• Deserts and arid ecosystems,
• Mediterranean regions,
• Land and wetlands,
• Ecology of freshwater, coastal or marine areas and tundra.

Each type has its own ecological profile and a balanced plant and animal world, and the way they interact is important for understanding their evolution.

Biology: botany section

Botany - the science of the structure, life, distribution and origin of plants, it explores, classifies and classifies all these characteristics, as well as the geographical distribution, evolution and ecology of the flora. Botany is the division of science about all the diversity of the plant world, which includes many branches. For example, paleobotanica studies extinct plants or petrified specimens extracted from geological strata. The subject of the study are also fossilized algae, bacteria, fungi and lichens. Understanding climate change in the past is fundamental to modern times. This science can even shed light on the nature and scale of plant species of the Ice Age.

Archeobotany is functional in terms of studying the distribution of farming, draining swamps and so on. Botany (biology of plants) conducts research at all levels, including ecosystems, communities, species, individuals, tissues, cells and molecules (genetics, biochemistry). Biologists study many plant species, including algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and flowering (seed) plants, including wild and cultivated plants.

Botany is the division of the science of plants and plant growing. The 20th century is considered the golden age of biology, because thanks to new technologies this science can be explored on a completely new level. Advanced methods of molecular biology provide the latest tools for studying both plants and other living organisms inhabiting the planet Earth.