Biogeocenosis is the most important component of the ecosystem

Biogeocenosis is a complex of living components interconnected by processes of energy and substance exchange, which is one of the most complex systems of the biosphere. On the other hand, it can be described as a stable community of flora and fauna that constantly interact with various components of the hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere.

The concept of biogeocenosis is characterized by a significant species diversity, a sufficiently high population density of living organisms and, accordingly, a significant biomass. All presented definitions are calculated based on the number of organisms, as well as the area occupied or the volume. However, these values also vary with location. For example, biomass has the highest value in tropical and temperate latitudes, and the lowest in the tundra zone and ocean depths.

Components of biogeocenosis can be divided into two groups: living and stagnant. In turn, the first components can be autotrophic organisms, for example green plants that actively participate in the processes of photosynthesis, as well as heterotrophic, to which many complex life forms, such as representatives of the animal world, can be safely attributed. In addition, stagnant components are also important components of biogeocenosis. They are a near-earth layer of the atmosphere, which has thermal and gas resources, solar energy, various mineral compounds that make up the soil, and water. The result of this process can be considered all kinds of living organisms, heat, carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Biogeocenosis is a community that has certain functions. This is a redistribution and accumulation of energy, as well as a cycle of substances in nature. Indicators of structure and functioning can serve as the intensity of the flow of these components and the number of trophic levels.

Biogeocenosis is a self-sustaining, self-sufficient and self-regulating system. The processes taking place in it can occur without additional external influence, which determines its integrity and characterizes it as a structure with dense relationships. Considering this concept in the general case, we are talking only about living organisms that live in the conditions of a specific locality, as well as the biotic and abiotic effects exerted on them.

On the other hand, biogeocenosis is a complex structure that is constantly changing due to the evolution of a particular species separately. And each of them seeks to occupy the most advantageous place for a prosperous existence. Nevertheless, there is also the concept of species exchange between neighboring biocenoses. This causes constant competition, stimulates further development, as well as contributes to the restoration of a greatly disturbed ecological balance.