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Argentina, population: composition, quantity, standard of living

The territory of modern Argentina has a long history of settlement. The new history of the state begins only in the 16th century, then the ethnic composition and way of life of the country are changing. Argentina, whose population today is a mixture of descendants of conquerors and indigenous people, lives a busy and difficult life.

Geography

Argentina is located in the southeast of South America and in the east of the island group of Tierra del Fuego. The area of the country is about 2.8 million square kilometers. Argentina, whose population is clustered around large cities, has a diverse landscape: the north and east are occupied by the plain, and the south and west are mountainous terrain. The western borders of the state pass through the Andes, which create a special climate in the country. Mountainous areas are difficult for living, so there are very few residents.

The country's territory is very rich in minerals, so, by the number of uranium reserves, the country is among the five leading countries. However, there are no outstanding reserves, as in Brazil, for example. There is also a clear deficit of many of the most important resources necessary for the development of industry. The country's large economic potential is made up of water and land resources, which are not yet fully utilized.

History of the settlement of the country

The first population of Argentina is hunters and nomads, who lived here in the 8-7 millennium BC. In the pre-Columbian era, settled sedentary tribes lived here, traces of several disappeared crops were found on the territory, they had their large cities, the most famous being Tastil.

Later these lands were conquered by the Inca empire. And in 1512 the era of European colonization began. In 1527, the first Spanish colony of Parna was established. A few years later a huge expedition of 2500 people arrived from Spain, and they formed the basis of a new population of the inhabitants of the future Argentina. The next few centuries are the constant replenishment of the colonies due to the arrival of new settlers. At the same time, resettlement did not pass peacefully, permanent clashes with the indigenous population continued. Also, military actions were also taking place between different governors. Only in 1825, after several years of internecine wars and struggle for independence from Spain, a new state is being formed - an independent Argentina.

The second half of the 19th century is characterized as the time of economic development, which entails an increase in the population. Mass migration occurred in the period from 1880 to 1940, when many Italians, Spaniards and other Europeans came here. In 1880 there was a final expulsion of the Indians from their indigenous territories. The 20th century is the time of attempts to build a new successful state, but this way is not easy and today Argentina continues to struggle for its well-being.

The population of Argentina

Today, the total number of residents of Argentina - 43 million 646 thousand people. The natural increase over the past year was about 440 thousand people, due to migrants the number of residents increased by 6 thousand people. Observations of the population in Argentina have been conducted since 1951. In that year in the country lived 17 million 300 thousand people. The total population of the country has been steadily growing over the coming years, although this indicator has a certain specificity.

The country maintains a positive growth, but in 1951 it was 2%, and today hardly exceeds 1%. The increase in the number is mainly due to migrants and a fairly high birth rate, but there is a marked slowdown in the birth rate, and the number of migrants is also decreasing. Therefore, sociologists predict in the near future a zero or even negative dynamics of the country's population.

Population density

Argentina is a sparsely populated country. On average, there live 15 people per square kilometer, which is much less than in neighboring countries. This is due to the peculiarities of farming, which does not require the permanent residence of people next to the cultivated land. It is also affected by harsh conditions in the foothills and mountains, arid areas are inhabited by people. The highest density can be seen in the agglomeration of Buenos Aires and in areas with a high level of agricultural development, there live an average of 100 people per square kilometer.

Ethnic composition

If you look at the genetic origin of the majority of modern Argentines, then the dominant role is played by the South European roots, also in their blood can be found traces of the indigenous population and small admixtures of immigrants from Africa. Today, the indigenous population of Argentina, the Indians, is only 1.5% of the total population. The rest are mestizos. And the question of nationality, almost all but the Indians, answer that they are Argentines, which speaks of the emergence of a new nationality.

Language

Argentina, whose population is of such mixed origin, speaks a lot of adverbs. The official language is Spanish, most of the population communicates with it. True, from the language spoken in Spain, it is very different, because the Argentine variant was formed on the basis of the Castilian dialect, besides it was influenced by local languages and dialects. The second most popular language in the country is Italian, followed by Portuguese, German, French and other European languages. The Indian population speaks their own languages and dialects, the most common of which is Quechua. In total there are at least 40 languages and dialects in the country.

Gender composition of the population

The age and sex composition of the population of Argentina shows that at birth, the number of men over women prevails (1.05), which fits the global trends. With adulthood, this indicator decreases, at the age of 25-50 he is already 1 to 1, at the age from 55 to 64 years - 0.97 in favor of women, and over the age of 65 - 0.7 in favor of women. This is due to the high mortality of men whose average life expectancy is 74 years. Women live on average up to 80.9 years. The age-sex pyramid of Argentina shows that the country belongs to a rejuvenating, growing type, with a sufficiently high birth rate and not very long life expectancy.

Demographic indicators

Argentina, whose population is slowly but constantly growing, is characterized by a high percentage of the able-bodied population. The number of residents of the country under the age of 15 is about a quarter of the total number of residents, people over the age of 65 are only 10%. The demographic burden is about 57%. This means that every able-bodied Argentine must ensure that the production of everything necessary for life is 1.5 times more than he himself can consume. Such a rather high figure complicates the functioning of the state.

Employment

The working population of Argentina is about 65% of all citizens. The literacy rate of the population is 98%, the official unemployment rate is 5.9. Argentina, whose standard of living is not very high, is characterized by the fact that there is a large unemployment in cities, while agriculture often suffers from a shortage of workers. Therefore, official figures do not reflect reality. In the country, many people work under conditions of part-time employment, many unemployed simply do not register.

Population distribution

Argentina is rapidly becoming a country of urban population. There has always been a very specific rural settlement: the villages were small in size, the farm type. Sometimes Argentina was called an agrarian country without peasants, which is characterized by large land ownership. The owner of the land hires employees to perform seasonal work, the rest of the time he lives in other places.

Today, the population is increasingly moving to cities. If you look at the distribution of the population between the administrative units of the country, then the most crowded are the capital area (in Buenos Aires itself is home to about 3 million people), as well as the regions of Tucuman, Misiones.

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