Antihistamines of the latest generation. Characteristic

In connection with the increase in the frequency of occurrence of seasonal allergic reactions, the demand for antiallergic drugs has also increased . Until recently, antihistamines of the second generation were widely used. Compared with the previous group of drugs, these drugs have some additional properties. In particular, they are effective in pollinosis, bronchial asthma, dermatitis (atopic). However, they only affect the peripheral histamine-receptors H1. Many of them have a cardiotoxic effect.

Recently, antihistamines of the third generation are more often used. Medications used before them only reduced the symptoms, without affecting in any way the sensitizing activity of allergens. In other words, with severe allergic reactions, their clinical performance is not high.

Modern medicines (antihistamines of the last generation) are distinguished by selectivity, do not pass through the blood-brain barrier. In this regard, these drugs do not have side effects associated with the activity of the central nervous system, and also do not have a detrimental effect on the function of the heart. Among the additional properties of drugs that are of significant clinical importance, the ability of medications to reduce the phenomenon of hyperreactivity of the bronchial system, the severity of bronchospasm (allergen-induced) should be emphasized.

Antihistamines of the latest generation are more suitable for long-term therapy of various manifestations of seasonal allergies, in which the mediators of the late stages of inflammation play an important role. These include, in particular, prolonged rhinitis, which can occur throughout the year, seasonal rhinitis, conjunctivitis, which lasts more than two weeks, chronic urticaria, dermatitis (atopic, contact allergic), and early atopic manifestations, characteristic of children.

In the treatment of rhinitis, the most popular anti-histamine drugs of the latest generation, such as "Acelastine", "Loratadin", "Cetirizine."

Medications "Cetirizine", "Zirtek" are also used for bronchial asthma of mild degree. With the development of early atopic syndrome in young patients, these drugs are considered basic. These antihistamines of the latest generation reduce the likely progression of atopic manifestations afterwards.

Medications "Claritin", "Loratadin" do not have sedative effect. They do not differ and have a significant clinical importance of drug interaction. These antihistamines are allowed to be administered to patients of different ages.

Medicines differ in their pharmacokinetic properties. The most modern drugs are characterized by a long duration of action (up to two days). As a rule, they are taken once a day. It should be noted that some antihistamines in the third generation (for example, "Astemizol" and "Terfenadin") have a pronounced cardiotoxic effect, provoking malfunctions in the rhythm of the heart.