Anfilada is a rhythm and perspective. Anfiladnost planning in architecture

In architecture, there are ways of organizing space that can make a strong impression even on an unprepared person.

Anfilade is a very effective way to express the significance of a gradual procession along a straight line that pierces individual volumes of the interior, isolated landscape zones or neighborhoods of the whole city.

Beautiful word, beautiful concept

The word "enfilada" comes from the French verb enfiler, meaning "string on thread." He very precisely defines the essence of this term. Anfiladnost internal planning means the sequential arrangement of several adjacent rooms with passage aisles, located on the same axis. If the openings are open, then the incoming sees the perspective of all rooms at the same time. For many enfilada - this is actually a view of the outgoing into the depth of the building arched or rectangular openings. Naturally, this layout is more often used in large houses and offices with representative functions.

Organization of internal space

According to the canons of architecture, the minimum number of rooms in the suite is three. This is due to the traditions of the construction of palaces for monarchs, laid by the ancient Egyptian architects. Entering the royal palace falls first in the room, where he expects a call (later it became known as an advance ticket, or an anti-camera). The next room (auditorium hall) is for solemn ceremonies of communication between the ruler and subjects. And only the select ones fall into the last - throne - hall. And if all three rooms are accessible to the view, the sight of the royal place, located on the central axis of the apertures, caused real awe.

A similar function is performed by the church suite. That this is so, it will be clear if you recall the layout of the Orthodox church. Believers go through the porch, the temple to the altar. These rooms of different scale, but from the entrance opens a view of the iconostasis, the royal gates as the main sanctuary, the dwelling place of God. Under the church arches, the impressive solemnity of the enfilade arrangement of the halls is especially visible.

Main functions

As time went. The turbulent Baroque era left the history of magnificent palace complexes with dozens of parade and park enfilades. There was an enfilade of rooms, which ends with a boudoir or a bedroom, and not with a throne room. The first premises are more public: reception rooms, ballrooms, art galleries and libraries. At the end of the suite there is a private area.

Residential suite - this is the same way of expressing the attitude to the guests, as well as the palace. The owner went to meet the guests of honor himself in the front rooms. The others accompanied him servants. Farewell, too, was regulated by etiquette: the host personally escorted guests of high rank to the halls nearest to the exit.

Another important function of adjacent placement of premises in large buildings is the organization of the movement of a large number of people. This is well known to all visitors to major museums and art galleries. The route of the passage is indicated not only by the location of the openings, but also by the fact that the most spectacular interior prospects open where the suite is located. Photos from the Louvre, the Hermitage, the Prado gallery - the best proof of this.

Inside and outside

A series of attendant or living rooms with passages on one axis was used in the planning of buildings of various styles. Anfilada is an architectural device, typical both for the therma of Ancient Rome, and for the Gothic palace of the British Parliament. It is a distinguishing feature of the Russian manor of the era of classicism. In many adaptations of the novels of Tolstoy, Turgenev, Chekhov, one can see the passage of heroes through a series of adjacent halls against the backdrop of the spectacular prospect of a multitude of openings that extend into the depths of the house.

You can find the term "side suite". What it is, you can understand by looking at the floor plan. Doorways are located along one wall, and the rooms are opened to the side of the incoming. The common wall is usually external, with window openings, and the game of side daylight enriches the entire outlook of the enfilade.

With the development of landscape architecture, enfilades appeared in the open air. Species with a perspective on the apertures in green hedges or on the aisles in the form of porticoes are characteristic of luxury parks on the outskirts of many European cities. Anfilada is one of the ways to diversify the very urban environment. Straight as the rays, the streets, which are a series of spaces open only to the sky - the adornment of Paris, Rome and other capitals. Famous are the long enfilades of entrance courtyards in St. Petersburg.

And in our time classical architectural techniques do not lose their relevance. Enfilades of halls can be seen not only in the newly constructed buildings of museums and galleries, but also in high-level apartment buildings.

Depth and rhythm

If the architecture is "frozen music", then the suite is a beautiful melody with a clear rhythm, consisting of a harmonic combination of several bright chords. Such a comparison completely reveals its essence and beauty.