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Ancient sights of Rome. Buildings of Ancient Rome. Temples of Ancient Rome

The ancient sights of Rome can be assessed today is very ambiguous. An impressive arena, on which no type of torture was considered too cruel. Places of worship, where the gods were often worshiped through ritual sacrifices, which today shock us. Palaces for amusements, in which not only sexual depravity was accepted, but even encouraged. The state of ancient Rome attracts the interest of many researchers and history buffs.

Who were the people who created such grandiose buildings in Rome? What made them build ever greater monuments and what was done at the price? What were the laws of Ancient Rome? The answers to these questions are very interesting, although we still do not know everything to this day. The ancient sights of Rome are really impressive. Let's imagine some of them.

Coliseum

Crowds of people attracted to the arena a bloody spectacle. Sometimes in the Roman Coliseum there were spectators up to 50 thousand people. They all yearned to see scenes of inexpressible horror. To know, priests, senators, emperors, slaves, ordinary people had fun seeing bloody scenes.

Gladiators fought with each other, wearing heavy armor. Often they scored an opponent to death. In the arena, wild savage beasts were thrust at each other, letting them out into battle with man. The goal pursued by the participants in these confrontations is to tear each other apart. Some features of Ancient Rome today are not clear to us.

Filling the arena with water for performances

On the stage, various kinds of special effects were used. They included filling the arena with water to simulate sea battles. How did the ancient Romans manage to fill the Coliseum with water?

Everything is actually quite simple: a system of reservoirs filled the aqueducts. They were right above the arena, on the slope. These inventive ancient Romans pumped down the water from the aqueducts, and then through the tanks to the center of the Colosseum. A more complicated question is how did they manage to pump out the water then?

It is believed that the ancient Romans built a sewer system. However, this question still remains to be answered by the researchers, since very few excavations have been carried out in the Colosseum until now. The ancient sights of Rome have not been sufficiently studied.

Bloody contests

The main Roman myths were part of the play. And the more horrible they were, the better. Christians and criminals often took on the most dangerous roles.

In the Roman Coliseum, bloody contests prevailed since his discovery, which occurred in 72 AD. The opening ceremony was arranged by the Emperor Titus. It lasted 100 days. An unprecedented massacre occurred on the opening day: about 5 thousand animals died.

The Colosseum is a gift from Vespasian

The Coliseum is a gift to the Romans from the emperor Vespasian, the predecessor and father of Titus. Vespasian, the founder of the Flavian dynasty, began to rule in 69 AD. This time was a critical moment in the history of Rome. After the empire was founded by Augustus, hundreds of years passed, and now its future was very vague.

There was chaos when the civil war in Rome began. Four emperors changed in one year. After that, the ruler of Syria, Vespasian, seized power.

Being a clever diplomat and hero, he easily acquired the support of the Senate and was declared emperor. After that, after suppressing the insurrection on the Rhine and the Jewish rebellion in Jerusalem, he concentrated on internal problems.

Vespasian for a ten-year reign freed the treasury of the deficit left by his predecessor, Nero. He also began to build many public buildings. The most grandiose enterprise was the Colosseum. He thought of it as a symbol of Vespasian's success and power.

Construction of the Colosseum

More than 10 years have been required in order to complete the construction. Originally the Colosseum was called the Amphitheater of Flavia. A lot of handymen and slaves were used for its construction. Some of the builders were prisoners, captured by Vespasian, winning the Jerusalem campaign.

Until now, the name of the architect who created the Colosseum is unknown. One of the most amazing features of this attraction is a very complex system, created to control the crowd. The amphitheater originally had 80 entrances. All of them led to certain sectors. Places were divided into tiers.

The fate of the Colosseum

The last games, known from written sources, were conducted in the 6th century AD. They completed these cruel competitions, amusing the once bloodthirsty Romans. The Colosseum thereafter was not used for a long time. It was partially destroyed, like many other ancient sights of Rome. A terrible earthquake occurred in the 9th century, as a result, its largest part was destroyed.

Later, the Coliseum began to be used as a quarry. A rich marble cladding was torn off, which was used to build churches and palaces. Still remained untouched part of the four levels that originally existed. And to this day the Colosseum is a testament to both the cruelty of the ancient Romans and the skill of the people who built the sights of Ancient Rome. He attracts many tourists to Italy.

Pantheon

The temples of ancient Rome are impressive. The most famous of them is the Pantheon. In the 1930s, Benito Mussolini, the Italian dictator, conceived an original propaganda campaign. In particular, he draws parallels between the glory of the new regime and the greatness that the empire of ancient Rome possessed. It led to a lot of archaeological research and excavations throughout the state. Because of the flood of the Tiber on many monuments appeared deposits of land, which completely covered them. The mausoleum of August, because of its proximity to the river, was badly damaged. Built this structure was from about 27 to 23 years BC.

Architectural plan, discovered by workers

Workers, deepening 6-7 meters into the ground, discovered a roadway, which was made of massive blocks. However, the Second World War soon began, and for a while this discovery was forgotten. Only 20 years later, in 1964, Roman specialists again began to study this place. The full-sized architectural plan was carved into the pavement. Obviously, the courtyard served as a workshop for the construction site. The whole question is, for what.

None of the existing monuments corresponded to the project. One of the specialists in 1992 solved the riddle. It seems that these plans were created for the Pantheon. Exactly coincided with many parts of the structure, but not all.

The First Pantheon

The Pantheon is a famous temple that was built in honor of the emperor, and also for worshiping the gods of Rome. What we see now is not the first Pantheon. The temple was originally the design of Mark Agrippa, the domineering Roman general. Construction began in 27 BC, and was completed in two years. However, in 64 CE. A great fire destroyed the Pantheon.

The restructuring of the Pantheon

After this, in 118 AD, perestroika began, which was led by Emperor Hadrian. He was an amateur architect who participated in many construction projects in Rome.

The Pantheon was built after 10 years of work. Adrian dedicated the construction to his first builder. That's why the name of Mark Agrippa can be seen on the facade.

In the Pantheon, there is a remarkable rotunda made of brick and stone, and a vault that forms a dome. The Pantheon is a square structure, 43 meters high and wide. Its walls are 7.5 meters thick, and each of the bronze doors weighs 20 tons.

Where there are now murals on biblical motifs, there used to be marble statues of the gods of Rome.

The terms of Caracalla

The sights of Ancient Rome also include the terms of Caracalla. These antique baths are like modern wellness centers. They are the largest and most richly decorated of all public baths erected in ancient Rome. The construction of their beginnings Septimius Severus in 206 AD. And the construction was completed in 216. The son of Septimius opened the Baths of Caracalla.

Decoration of the term, their use

These buildings of Ancient Rome were decorated really richly: walls, lined with marble, mosaic floor, stucco ceilings.

They occupied the therma of a large and beautifully decorated territory, used as a gym. Here men practiced sports: they threw a spear, a disk, and boxed. The entrance to the baths was free even for slaves. Initially, women and men washed together, but at the beginning of the second century Adrian forbade it.

The invasion is ready, the destruction of the term

These buildings of Ancient Rome continued to be used up to 535 AD. At this time, the Goths invaded, which broke the aqueduct. The same fate befell the terms of Caracalla, as well as many other monuments of Ancient Rome. They were partially destroyed. The large sums that were required for their repair disappeared, when the empire collapsed, the surrounding world disappeared. Ancient Rome was a thing of the past.

In the Middle Ages, marble and bronze were ripped off the walls, and the beautiful sculptures that adorned the baths found themselves in the collections of the Roman popes and aristocracy.

Forum

From the majestic Roman Forum, not much has been preserved. He was the center of the life of Rome. There was a Forum in the IV century BC. In its place in our days only fragments of some monuments, a lot of overturned stones and a pair of arches have been preserved. Let us note at once that the imperial forums adjoin the Rome forum, which are not part of Rome, although they are similar to it both in purpose and title.

Forum reconstruction by Augustus

The construction of the forum was random. There was no systematic plan. Therefore, the forum lacked harmony. At the time of Augustus it was completely reconstructed. This emperor removed most of the structures, while paving and expanding the territory. Now the way the forum looked during the republic is a mystery. Many of the buildings were wooden, so they were demolished or destroyed. August used only stone and cement for construction.

Vestals

Temples of Ancient Rome on the forum include a temple dedicated to the goddess Vesta. This was for the Roman people one of the most important and ancient goddesses. They tied her to the heart, and also to the fire. It was believed that this fire represented the spiritual power of the whole country. The priestesses served her, who watched that the fire did not go out. They always had to remain virgins, otherwise they were expected to be executed. Vestal living near the temple. They were chosen from aristocratic families aged 6 to 10 years. For 30 years they had to serve at the temple. After the end of the service, these women, therefore, were at least 36 years old. To many they seemed too old to marry them. Most vestals remained for the rest of their lives priestesses.

The architecture of Ancient Rome has far surpassed the greatness, functionalism and scale created by the Greeks samples. An important role here was played in part by the invention of good cement. But no less important was the pride of the emperors, who for centuries tried to outdo their predecessors, erecting ever more majestic, grandiose and richly decorated monuments.

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