HealthMedicine

Amniotic fluid index

Under the amniotic membrane is meant the inner transparent and smooth envelope of the fetus. It forms a special bag that contains the fruit, amniotic fluid. Amniotic shell during the period of pregnancy produces a specific fluid, the volume of which varies until the birth (the content increases to 1.5 liters). Its concentration is an important sign, which is defined as the index of the amniotic fluid. By this indicator, you can directly judge the content of amniotic fluid, to diagnose "polyhydramnios" or "malnutrition".

The index of the amniotic fluid is determined objectively - by ultrasound, or subjectively. The latter method includes a visual inspection. The specialist conducts a transverse scan and a thorough examination. If a lot of fluid is determined between the fetus and the anterior abdominal wall "on the eye", then the diagnosis of "polyhydramnios" is diagnosed, otherwise "leukemia" is indicated. However, most often an ultrasound is performed with the determination of exact numbers of amniotic fluid and a comparison of the results with the norm.

To measure the index of the amniotic fluid, the specialist doctor conventionally divides the uterine cavity into four equal quadrants (the longitudinal line must completely correspond to the white line of the pregnant woman on the abdomen, transverse to pass perpendicularly to her at the umbilical level). In each quarter, the maximum pocket is determined, then the indicators are measured and summed. The result is the amniotic fluid index. The norms of this indicator for each period of pregnancy are reflected in a special table.

If there is a discrepancy between the indicators and norms obtained, a diagnosis is made of "polyhydramnios" or "malnutrition". These pathological conditions require special treatment, since they can complicate the course of childbirth, pregnancy and have a negative impact on the fetus.

Reduced volume of amniotic fluid - "low water". Its causes may be hypertension, gestosis, infectious diseases (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis), chronic hypoxia, developmental anomalies. "Multidrug" - an increase in the concentration of amniotic fluid. The cause of this condition may be the presence of fetal developmental anomalies, infectious diseases. Multiple pregnancy is also a factor that causes the development of this condition.

Amniotic fluid in different periods of pregnancy changes its chemical structure. In the first trimester, it is transparent, then it gradually becomes turbid. Changing its color can also indicate such pathologies as fetal hypoxia, bleeding, sepsis. However, this index has no significant effect on the index of the amniotic fluid.

The rate of this indicator on the sixteenth week is 73 mm - 201 mm. It has a specific feature that distinguishes it from other parameters of a given period. The index of the amniotic fluid increases until the thirty-sixth week, then it slowly decreases and before birth is 63 - 192 mm. Knowledge of such features is important, as it allows not to be mistaken in the diagnosis.

The definition of the amniotic fluid index is complemented by a dopplerometric study of blood flow in the vessels of the placenta, fetus. The obtained data allow to draw a conclusion about the presence of hypotrophy and its degree.

The index of amniotic fluid is one of the most important indicators of normal functional development of the fetus. Continuous monitoring of this component can prevent the development of pathological complications from the fetus.

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