Alternating vowels in the root: examples. Roots with alternating vowels

Spelling the vowels in the root of the word only at first glance seems to be an elementary topic. In fact, there are many of their nuances, without knowledge of which it is practically impossible to write competently.

With unstressed vowels, everything is easy: just a single root word is chosen , in which the desired sound will be stressed - and inserted by analogy (balls - ball, wave - waves). But another question is the alternating vowels in the root. Examples of this rule are found to us constantly: wipe - wipe, sunburn - burn, dawn - these words occur daily, and intuition does not always tell you which letter to insert at the place of the pass. To guess or not to guess - that's the question. Better, probably, to understand and feel confident.

Foliar suffix is the first case

In principle, examples of alternating vowels in the root of a word can be conditionally divided into five parts. The smallest of them is an alternation of // a, depending on the presence of a zook-up suffix.

The only root suitable for this rule is called cos / cos. If after it there is a suffix "a" - it is necessary to write "kas" (touching), otherwise "o" (touch) is written.

We fix the first roots with alternating vowel practice. It is necessary to arrange the letters on the place of the passes:

To ... surrender, to ... to fall, to ... soy, to ... senile, to ... sleepy (mind), shut up (sleeves), cassation, unchanged ... overgrown, to ... selatel, soprik ... shenie .

Frozen consonants

Another small group is the roots with alternating vowels, the spelling of which depends on the next after the root of the consonant. These include ras // rasch // ros, skak // scoch and lag // log.

In the first case, the vowel "o" is written only before "c" (grew), otherwise you need to insert "a" (plant, grown) - only three combinations of letters affecting the alternating vowels in the root. Examples and simultaneous fixing: express, refrain, reproduce, prory ... If, otr.stit, vzrashchivat. By the way, one more important clarification: in this rule there are words-exceptions, the writing of which must be remembered: otrasl, rostov, rastovshchik. Rostislav, the town .

Next comes the root race // scoch, where before "to" you need to write "a", and before "h" - "o". True, here there are exceptions: skAchu, skachok and all the derivatives from them. Practice this paragraph of the rule: sk ... kat, skit, cht, ... nod, vsk ... chit, vysk ... nod, sk ... chet .

And the last root of this rule is lag // lies, here everything is also very clear: before "g" - "a" and before "g" - "o". Words with alternating vowels in the root-examples of this rule for fixing: p ol ... live, adjective, f ... ing, f ... gat, l ... g, propose ... gat . But here there is an exception: polGO.

Meaning

The third, by no means a large group, are alternating vowels in the root, the examples of writing which depend on the meaning. This, by the way, is one of the most intricate points of the rule, in spite of the fact that there are only two roots in it: mac / // mok and equal // level.

If full immersion in a liquid is meant, then the root is written "poppy", if the ability to pass water is "mok". Let's try to figure out examples: m ... tea in tea, unbroken ... dormant, obm ... stick in ink, prom ... knit written by prom ... with a roll of paper .

With the root, // is even a little more complicated. If it is said that something is equal to something, "identical" - you need to write the root "equal", if on the smooth surface - "level." Remember this point, by the way, you can with associations: equality - "equal", even - "level." But even here there are exceptions: ravnina, ravnyays, ravnenie, ravnyatsya. We fix: to express, to heed, ur ... to heed, ur ... wen, cp ... vnenie, zar ... vnyat, p ... vnina .

Emphasis

Go ahead. Alternating vowels at the root, examples of which we have already discussed above, did not concern stress at all. But there are a number of roots, the statement of stress in which affects the letter written in them.

The roots of the charge // sail, swimming // pilots // sailing, pai // sing - without stress is written "a", under stress - "o". Immediately remember the exceptions: plovets, plovchyha, plivun and zorevat (with the last word the question is controversial - in some textbooks it is given as an exception, but in others it is not indicated at all). We fix: s .. s, n ... yarn, z ... ryka, pl ... vat, prip ... y, z ... ry.

In the roots of gar // mountains, creatures // creat and clan // the clone is exactly the opposite: under the stress is written "a", and without stress - "o". Exceptions, however, a little more: prigar, izgar, vygarki, utvar. We remember: poklonenie, g ... rt, kl ... nya, zag ... p .

Root suffix - the second case

And the most ambitious group, analogous examples of the alternation of vowels in the root of the word which we have already discussed above, is the spelling of e // and a number of words depending on the suffixes. The plus is that, despite the large number of roots suitable for this rule, there are practically no exceptions, and it is possible to memorize according to the mnemonic phrase. Here it is: " Feet? "Cut out!"

Already guessed? Yes, the alternation of a vowel in this case depends on the presence of the suffix "a", as in the case of the cosplayer. This rule obeys the roots of bir // ber, tier // ter, world // of measures, dir // der, pir // per, stil // stele, shine // glitter, zhig // zheg, chet // chet. And for all this huge number of roots there are only two exceptions: counting and counting. Some, however, include here the words of the backside and protrika, but here the vowel is under stress, so writing it with an error is very problematic.

We fix the most ambitious group: bl ... ... to take it off, to take it, to prot ... r, to lock up, to ... r, to dispatch, to expand, to ... read, thaw, to open, to oppose .

Generalization and repetition

Remember all the above will help the table "Alternating vowels in the root."

As you can see from the table, the entire long rule can fit into several cells. In principle, it is enough to remember a few examples from each category to write competently, however, exceptions can not be forgotten in any case. Over time, the alternating vowels in the root, examples of which are found everywhere, will no longer cause difficulties.