Agriculture of Tatarstan: features, products and interesting facts

The territory designated for development by the agricultural sector occupies 65% of Tatarstan's lands. For comparison: the territory is 2.2% of the total area of the Russian Federation, where agriculture is conducted. In all respects, Tatarstan confidently ranks third among the subjects of the Russian Federation, only the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region outrun the republic.

Features of agriculture of the republic

In the agriculture of Tatarstan, 204.2 thousand people are employed.

The agricultural sector covers 4.4 million hectares of land. 23% of them are pastures, and 77% - arable land. To a large extent, the industry of the Republic of Tatarstan involved small farms with private land. They make up about 53% of the entire industry.

Areas of management formed around cities with large traffic junctions. These are areas of the north-west, northeast and southeast of the republic. Mainly in them, and concentrates agriculture, whose contribution to the GDP of the republic reaches 60%.

The Republic of Tatarstan specializes in growing potatoes, sugar beets, cereals, in the production of eggs, milk and meat.

The climate in the republic is moderately favorable for germination and the collection of basic crops, but the cultivation of heat-loving plants is at risk. But more than 10 years ago the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan introduced a moisture-saving set of measures that helped to optimize the cultivation of such crops.

Crop production in Tatarstan

According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Tatarstan, 3% of agricultural land was allocated for growing vegetables ; Sugar beet - 7%; Fodder crops (maize, grass, root crops) - 37%, and for cereals, such as winter and spring wheat, peas, oats, barley, about 52% of land is allocated. At the same time, the share of grains grown by state farms is 87%, 86% - sugar beet, and the share of private farms in the cultivation of cereals is about 13%.

Private farms grow 89% of all potatoes produced and 85% of other vegetables.

In the forest south-taiga zone, mainly spring wheat, barley, winter rye, oats, flax, and potatoes are grown. The forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Kama region and the southern Volga region specializes in the cultivation of such crops as: winter rye, spring and winter wheat, barley, buckwheat, millet, sugar beet.

The dynamics of the gross harvest growth is positive, which is due not only to climatic factors, but also to the correct policy of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Livestock in the Republic

Stable, confident development of agriculture in Tatarstan, and especially plant growing, is the basis for effective livestock breeding in the republic. It can include poultry farming, pig breeding and cattle breeding. From the more rare directions of animal husbandry - fur farming, horse breeding, beekeeping, rabbit breeding. Pork production accounts for 26.2%, beef - 51.3%, poultry - 17.4%.

Poultry farming in Tatarstan

Industrial poultry farming in Tatarstan is one of the largest in the country. More than 1.8 million chicken heads are involved in the industry. The incubation shop, a young factory, a parent shop work around the clock, which allows enterprises to conduct cyclically-closed production of industrial livestock, providing autonomy. Veterinary measures allow to produce high-quality products that comply with the state standard.

In addition to the production of live birds, eggs are produced at poultry farms, including a diet egg, egg powder, and semi-finished products from chicken meat. The costs are mainly spent on the purchase of feed. To reduce them and increase the productivity of poultry, protein-vitamin mineral supplements and premixes are widely used.

Pig farming in the agricultural complex

Pork production accounts for 18% of the country's total production. At the enterprises such pigs are grown:

1. Large white is the most common breed. Refers to meat. Fecundity of large white is 12 piglets per litter. When the two-month age is reached, the piglets reach 25 kg, and at the age of six months - 100 kg.
2. Kemerovo - Siberian breed. Their average fertility is 11 piglets. They reach 100 kilograms at the age of 180 days.
3. Muromskaya is a meat breed. 100 kg is gained in 7 months.
4. Urzhumskaya - bacon rock. Climatically adapted. Such pigs can be grown in the northern regions. 100 kg reaches for 185 days.
5. North Caucasian - meat. Also climatically adapted. 100 kg for 6 months.
6. Latvian white is a meat breed. Also widely distributed in the country. 100 kg is gained in 200 days.
7. Landras is one of the most popular bacon species.
8. Duroc is a meat and meat breed.
9. Lacombe is a meat breed. It is very fertile.
10. Breitovskaya is the youngest breed of pigs. Has an ideal white fat.

Cattle breeding in the republic

Cattle breeding in Tatarstan gives the region high ratings on the production of beef meat and milk in the Russian Federation. The indicators of cattle breeding in the republic are relatively stable: during the last ten years they remain practically immovable.

The total number of livestock is the second largest in the Russian Federation. This is 1,034 thousand heads, which is 5.5% of the total number of cattle in Russia. The number of cows is 366.5 thousand heads, which is 4.4% of their total number and occupies the third place.

The production of beef totals 150.2 thousand tons in live weight. True, here in the last few years, production has fallen by almost 10%. Now the Republic of Tatarstan ranks second among all beef producers in the country. The total volume of beef production is 5.2%.

In Tatarstan agriculture, there are about 40 milk processing plants that produce sour-milk products, cheese, animal oils, powdered milk powder, whole milk substitutes, milk sugar.

Technical equipment

According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Tatarstan, two billion rubles are allocated annually to purchase and repair necessary equipment from the republic's budget, and the park, which is available today, allows field work on sowing and harvesting at the optimal time. The allocated means allow to compensate to an agroindustrial complex to 40% of expenses for technics. Also, the leasing program was introduced into the structure of Tatarstan's agriculture.

The technical energy supply of the complex varies from 154 liters. from. Per 100 hectares of land to a maximum of 300-350 liters. from. This means that all technological processes are carried out on time, which allows to avoid losses in all spheres of agriculture.

Organic economy of Tatarstan

The Ministry of Agriculture of Tatarstan actively promotes organic farming technologies. This includes the refusal to use mineral fertilizers, antibiotics, growth regulators, hormonal drugs, genetically modified organisms, synthetic herbicides and insecticides. The purpose of the measures is to preserve land and natural resources, produce products that do not contain substances harmful to humans.

The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan initiated the development of a process of voluntary certification and registration in the organic farm program and developed its own sign, which will allow consumers to purchase quality products, and producers to protect their sphere of management.

Quality control

In order for Tatarstan's agricultural products to meet all the requirements, enterprises regularly conduct inspections to identify non-conforming products. Due to this in recent years, the number of offenses in all areas of management and unused quarantine lands has decreased. The Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tatarstan performs its work in the field of quality control of products at a high level. Also, activities are aimed at preventing the introduction of quarantine weeds, pests and viral diseases, both in the livestock of animals and in vegetation in general.