A properly designed evacuation plan is a guarantee of people's safety during a fire

Evacuation is an organized process of getting people out of the room to the street or to another safe place if there is a threat of a fire. To employees of the enterprise, students of educational institutions, visitors to any other places of mass gathering can quickly get out of dangerous premises, an evacuation plan is being developed. It is manufactured in accordance with certain parameters, regulated in accordance with GOST R 12.2.143-2002.

General requirements

The evacuation plan in case of a fire threat should be placed in any building, except residential, where more than 10 people can be on the same floor simultaneously. This manual should be located in the most prominent place in the room. In addition, fire safety rules indicate the need for a fire alarm system in the building.

If it is a question of an object where more than 50 people can be simultaneously, then in addition to the evacuation plan, it is necessary to develop an instruction for it. It describes a detailed list of actions that should be followed by personnel responsible in this building for the evacuation of people.

There is also a local plan, which must be posted in each hotel room, hotel, hospital room.

Preparation of an evacuation plan

A quick and successful evacuation of people provides a properly designed evacuation plan. Requirements for its design are also clearly spelled out in regulatory documents, they include the following directions:

1. Dimensions. A floor evacuation plan must be at least 600 mm by 400 mm. The dimensions of its local analogue should be 400 mm by 300 mm. These parameters can be increased. The final size is selected individually depending on the area of the room, the number of emergency exits, and the purpose of the plan.

2. The font. Regardless of the background on which the layout of the future manual for the evacuation of people is executed, the font of the inscriptions and graphic images should be black. The height of the letters is not less than 3 mm. Safety signs and symbols located on the plan must have a size of 8 to 15 mm. Within the same layout, they are drawn on the same scale.

Graphic and text parts

To draw an evacuation plan according to the requirements of regulatory documents, the following elements should be visible in it:

• Ways of evacuation;
• Emergency and evacuation exits;
• The location of rescue equipment;
• Location of fire fighting equipment (cranes, fire extinguishers, fire shield) ;
• Location directly on the evacuation plan site;
• If the plan is floored, there must be an indication on the floor.

The text part of the plan is to describe in detail the actions that people should take to leave the premises as quickly as possible. These instructions are supplemented by symbols and safety signs.

Sectional plans

The sectional evacuation plan is developed in the following cases:

1. The area of the floor is more than 100 m2.

2. On the floor there are several limited evacuation exits, separated by a wall from other areas.

3. If there are sliding or revolving doors on the floor, turnstiles.

4. If it is possible to make only a long and difficult way to perceive the path of evacuation.

Sectional plans are located on the floor for which they are intended. The second copies of them are included in the general or summary plan for the entire building or facility, the object. Consolidated plans are with the attendant.

Local plans

Local plans are designed for separately located rooms, such as hotel rooms, wards in hospitals, passenger cabin cabins. All changes made in the event of a change in the layout of the building, its reconstruction, the transfer of evacuation exits, must be immediately reflected in the plan.

Photoluminescent plans

These special plans for their design are used in cases specified in regulatory documents. The text and symbols of safety on such models will be clearly discernible even in case of smoke and poor lighting of the room. Such a result is achieved by using a special self-adhesive film or photoluminescent plastic. These materials are absolutely safe, comply with the regulations for the class of flammability, flammability and the emission of toxic substances. Photoluminescent evacuation plans are used:

1. If the installation of emergency lighting is not provided for by the structure of the building.

2. To accelerate evacuation and improve safety when it is implemented in the event of emergency lighting.

Even if photoluminescent evacuation plans are installed in their locations, general natural or artificial lighting should still be provided that meets the following requirements:

1. The surface of the plan should have an illumination of at least 25 lux

2. The time during which the plan will be illuminated must be at least 15 minutes.

The fulfillment of these conditions is necessary to activate the luminescence, therefore it is required to periodically check the sources of artificial or natural light to confirm their performance.

Development and execution of the evacuation plan is carried out by specialized organizations that must execute the layout in accordance with all fire safety rules. Only then the life and health of people during a fire can be saved by timely leaving the place of fire and smoke.