What was on the spread of the Soviet passport in different epochs of the USSR

A modern passport is a document equipped with a complex system of protection against crafts and containing a lot of data about its owner. It can be encrypted on special magnetic media data on the appearance, fingerprints and even the image of the cornea of the owner's eyes. The Soviet-style passport was much simpler.

How did the Soviet passport appear and what was before it

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, more than two decades have passed, and today few people will be able to confidently list everything that was on the turn of the Soviet passport, especially since its model has changed many times. Moreover, he did not appear immediately, but only ten years after the formation of the USSR. About why this happened and how the main document has changed, it is worth remembering.

At the dawn of the creation of the world's first proletarian state, one of the first Bolshevik decrees abolished passports. As early as 1903, Lenin wrote an article "Towards a Rural Poor", in which he outlined his views on this document as an artificial restraint on the freedom of movement and employment, the main victims of which were peasants.

Until 1932, the citizens of the RSFSR in their overwhelming majority could guess what was at the turn of the Soviet passport, only reading the poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky. The proletarian poet was one of the few owners of this purple book, without which they were not permitted to go abroad. The rest were treated with a work book, which served as the main identity card. It indicated how a person's name is, the year of his birth, and, of course, his labor path was fixed. In 1924, ID cards were introduced with a validity of three years. Since 1925 they began to put a stamp on registration.

What was on the spread of the Soviet passport of the first sample

Only in 1932 the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree according to which a passport system was introduced in the USSR. The purpose of this reform was full control over the employment of the population. The new document has become an instrument for combating persons who do not work in state enterprises, and with peasants who fled to the city from famine caused by collectivization. But even then only residents of Moscow, Leningrad and Kharkov, as well as a restricted zone around these cities, were to receive a Soviet passport. A photo with a corner, which included a part of the seal, the name, first name, patronymic, nationality, date of birth, residence registration and information about the marital status are the main attributes of the document familiar to all citizens of the USSR, even those born in the following decades. But there was something on the turn of the Soviet passport, which was absent in subsequent editions, for example, the social position and attitude towards military service.

Undocumented collective farmers

The document was not issued to the peasants, but in spite of this, they no longer had the freedom of movement, but quite the contrary. This situation persisted until 1974. True, in the fifties, rural residents developed several loopholes that allowed them to leave the village, which had been reduced to poverty by the collective farm system. It was possible (as an exception) to get a job in the city while maintaining a rural residence permit or to receive a temporary document for the period of the employment contract. In other cases, collective farmers could come to the city only with a certificate from the village soviet.

The last Soviet passport

In 1974, a new Soviet-style passport was introduced. Data on the owner's personality in it became smaller, and more pictures - after reaching 25 and 45 years they were required to be pasted into specially designated pages. The seal was replaced by a bulky impression, which is more difficult to forge. There was another important difference - the document was issued to everyone at 16, without exception.

This passport served by faith and truth until 1991 and for some time fulfilled its functions, stamped with the name of a new country - the former Soviet republic over the letters of the USSR.