What is the Kakowski-Addis test?

The Kakowski-Addis test is an analysis of urine. This method of research is laborious. Nevertheless, it is used in medical practice. The essence of this study is the daily definition of the elements in the urine.

Peculiarities of preparation of the patient for delivery of this analysis

In order to ensure the accuracy of the result, the patient is recommended to observe a special diet one day before the collection of the material. It consists of eating meat products and restricting the intake of liquid. These conditions must be observed in order to avoid understated results, which may appear due to the decay of the shaped elements.

This can occur in neutral and alkaline urine. This decomposition is also possible if urine has a low specific gravity. In the case of compliance with dietary guidelines, the specific gravity and pH of urine come to the right rate.

Features of the collection of material for the study

The peculiarity is that the material must be collected a day. Also, ensure proper storage of the liquid. Otherwise, the Kakowski-Addis test will show the wrong result. You should know that there are two ways to collect urine for this analysis.

The first is that the patient needs to empty the bladder in the morning. Next, to collect the material in a special container with the addition of formalin or thymol crystals. If you add the first named substance, then its amount should be 4 or 5 drops. The use of thymol crystals suggests that it should be added in the amount of 2 or 3 pieces. Keep the urine in the refrigerator.

You can also collect in ten or twelve hours. But you should know that the first option will give a more accurate result of the study. To collect the material in a second way, it is necessary to empty the bladder in the evening. Further, in the morning hours, namely 10 or 12 hours after the evening urination, the patient collects the urine in a special container. It is possible that a person can not retain urine in the body for 10 hours. In this case, it should be collected in parts. Storage of the material is also carried out in the refrigerator. Women are recommended to use a catheter to collect urine.

The collected material should be sent to the laboratory for research. Thus, the Kakowski-Addis test is submitted.

How is research done in the laboratory?

In order to conduct a urine study using the Kakowski-Addis method, special equipment should be prepared, namely:

• A special centrifuge tube;
• A pipette with a volume of 10 milliliters;
• Counting chamber;
• Stick of glass;
• Microscope for research.

Urine sample in Addis-Kakovskiy: stages of the study

After the urine is delivered to the laboratory, it is mixed. Further, it measures its quantity. Then the necessary part is taken for the study. The volume of urine, which will be examined by a laboratory assistant, is calculated by a special formula. Namely, it is necessary to take the amount of urine, which was allocated by the body in 12 minutes. To do this, the total volume of collected material is divided by the number that will be obtained by multiplying the time, for how much urine is collected by 5. Where 5 is the number of urine volume that was allocated by the body in 12 minutes.

Next, the resulting volume of material is placed in a centrifuge tube. It performs the process of centrifugation. Depending on the speed of rotation, it takes different times. For example, if the speed is 3,500 rpm, it takes 3 minutes. Provided 2,000 turns - the process will take 5 minutes.

Further, the upper layer is aspirated. 0.5 ml of urine with sediment is left. In cases where the latter exceeds this volume, one milliliter of liquid should be left. The next stage of the study consists in mixing the material and placing it in a counting chamber. The latter calculates the presence in the urine of elements such as leukocytes, erythrocytes and cylinders.

Then, depending on the volume of the studied material, the obtained data is multiplied by a value that will enable to determine the daily number of elements in the urine.

The test of Addis Kakowski: the norm of the indicators when passing, the advantages of the method

The norm is the presence in the urine of erythrocytes up to 1 000 000, leukocytes up to 2 000 000, cylinders up to 20 000.

What is the advantage of the Kakowski-Addis test before other methods?

The main advantage of this study is that it allows you to take into account the daily fluctuations in the body with the allocation of shaped elements through urine.

What are the disadvantages of this method?

• There is a category of patients who are unable to retain urine 10 or 12 hours in the body. For example, people diagnosed with nocturia.
• Also there are patients whose condition does not allow them to completely empty the bladder. This phenomenon is observed in those who suffer from adenoma or prostate cancer.
• It is possible to pass urine through a catheter only in a hospital.
• The Addis-Kakowski test for children is not feasible, because the kids will not be held back for a long time.

There are reasons why urine indicators may be higher than normal. Namely, purulent processes in the body of a chronic nature, heparin therapy and poisoning by any poisons.

When collecting material for a study such as urine analysis in Addis Kakovski, it takes a long time to store it. Therefore, partial lysis of the shaped elements can occur, which will lead to inaccurate results.