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What is the difference between lower and higher needs? What does a person need?

We can say that the need is a condition that is inherent in almost all living organisms in one way or another. Their dependence on the existence, development, various active forms and actions is precisely expressed in this concept. This sense of need for something or someone: both functional and psychological (for a person). In human society, it manifests itself depending on the situation in various ways. Of course, the needs of the child are quite different from the needs of the adult, and the needs of one individual - from the needs of the other. But let us begin with the lower life forms.

Microorganisms, plants and mushrooms

The needs for these forms of life are minimal. As a rule, for normal functioning and reproduction, they need good lighting, the presence of water, a substratum for food - an optimal environment, a certain temperature regime.

Animals

They have more difficult conditions for existence. However, even in higher animals, the needs and instincts practically coincide. Therefore, they can be reduced to a common denominator: sleep and nutrition, reproduction, a sense of danger, some others.

What does a person need?

But human needs are a very extensive and ambiguous plane for studying. In addition to the animal-like system of signals and functions due to the presence of a subtle psychic component called the soul in the people, they are presented in addition to all secondary signal systems expressed by the thought process and verbal speech. Therefore, it is not so easy to determine what a person needs in this context. Although so it seems, everything is simple: food, sleep, family and offspring. But there are also needs of a higher order, which vary greatly depending on the circumstances of the existence of a particular individual in a particular socio-political environment. However, even they are subjected to some classification by the efforts of scientists and can be investigated and generalized.

What are the differences?

But first a few words about how the lower and higher needs differ and how they can be attempted to classify. Without further ado, we turn to the hierarchy of the system of human needs, the so-called pyramid, which was proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. Here we can clearly see how the lower and higher needs are differentiated and which kinds of stages exist. At the base of the imaginary pyramid are the physiological (the so-called inferior). Then - the need for security, love, respect. After - the needs associated with cognition. Aesthetic, artistic. And finally, on an imaginary peak - self-actualization, that is, personal development and realization of abilities and goals set before them, finding meaning in life and place in the society of people. What is the difference between the lower and higher needs of man? Let's consider more in detail.

The lowest platform

Physiological needs can be met throughout life and fail to satisfy. Pathology and displacement of value orientations, as a rule, arise in many members of modern society (regardless of wealth and social significance). And all these problems are due to the exaltation and the promotion of lower needs to the fore. So comes dissatisfaction with yourself and your life, destiny, a place occupied in society. Misunderstanding of their role in life. As a consequence - a low social role, the feeling that you are a machine screw, a piece of gray mass, causing oppression and a sense of despair.

Needs for food and water, sex drive

As excessive hypertrophy of food needs - the cultivation of a table full of food. Bright examples: the New Year's table of the Soviet, for example, era. The main goal - that much was presented: both scarce food, and goodies, they say, here, could still get it! The next goal is to eat all this in the presence of family and friends, to please yourself and others. Inflating food needs leads to dissatisfaction. No matter how much you eat, you'll still be hungry the next morning! In addition, the displacement of landmarks will invariably lead to a problem of excess weight and loss of health. Knowingly wise people of this world in different epochs advised to eat modestly and without excesses, without loading the stomach and consuming only the quantity of calories, vitamins, microelements that is necessary for the normal functioning of the body.

The need for the necessary amount of water (and a sense of thirst) is manifested more organically in man. But still, do not forget that a day for normal life should drink at least 1.5-2 liters of clean water. All sorts of "liquid candies" - lemonades, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, overloaded with a huge amount of sugar, causing obesity, do not count!

Sexual desire and the need for sex are manifested in a person at the instinctive level, as part of the program of procreation and procreation.

Existential and social needs

The next steps in the ascent to higher modulations are the needs for security and comfort of existence (existential), as well as the need for communication, attachment, caring, interpersonal connections (social). All of them occupy a middle position in the hierarchy and are more psychological and mental than physical, thus moving away from the most primitive instincts, but not too far away.

Prestige and spirituality

The concept of recognition in society, of course, can be regarded as an ancient and low instinct of fear of expulsion from the pack, but in our classification it occupies one of the upper levels of the imaginary pyramid. Self esteem and respect for others, success and career, high appreciation are the direct ways to realize one's own place in society and the world.

The highest step in the hierarchy is occupied by spiritual needs as the highest manifestation of human essence, available to the few on this planet. Cognition and self-knowledge, creative self-expression and the disclosure of talents, self-actualization - these vertices in their needs, sadly, can reach only a few of us, truly understanding the difference between lower and higher needs.

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