What is the best material for roofing. How to choose the material for roofing

Materials for repairing the roof of the roof must meet the existing requirements. It is not only about their appearance, but also their operational properties. Modern materials for roofing roofs must reliably protect the structure from the negative impact of external factors. First of all, from wind, rain, snow and other precipitation. Is there any better material for roofing? Let's try to understand this further.

General information

On the market today are various types of materials for roofing roofs. The coatings are classified according to the characteristics. In this regard, choosing the material for roofing, you need to consider the following:

• Purpose of the building. The buildings can be residential, industrial, economic, household. In accordance with this, coatings with these or other properties are selected. For example, the material for the roof of the garage roof may not look as attractive as for a residential building.
• Estimated lifetime of the coating and the structure as a whole.
• Correspondence of the material for the roof to the rest of the roof structure.
• Complexity of installation and subsequent maintenance.
• Compliance with modern trends.
• Soundproof and heat-saving properties.

Main classification

Coatings are divided into:

• Heavy.
• Lungs.
• Having / not having a waterproof surface.
• Other.

Experts say that absolutely universal and ideal coverage does not exist, as, however, there is no perfect criterion of "ideality". However, it is important that: the material for the roof of the roof must correspond to the rafter system and other elements of the structure and structure as a whole.

Coating composition

In accordance with this indicator, the material for roofing can be:

• Mineral.
• Metal.
• Organic.

In a large assortment, the latest category materials are on the market today. In earlier times, the most popular of organic coatings were shingles and straw. Modern roofing materials for this type of roof can last from 5-7 to 25-30 years. These include, in particular, bitumen-polymer, polymer and bitumen coatings. The minus of these coatings is the instability to oxygen and UV rays. Under the influence of these factors, materials wear out quickly enough, some can corrupt. All organic coatings are flammable. Slightly smaller is the range of mineral (they are also called "stone") materials. Until recently, shale tiles and ceramic tiles were common in this category. Today, more modern coatings have appeared. In particular, these are asbestos-cement sheets (slate) and cement-sand tiles. These materials are more durable than organic materials. Mineral coatings are resistant to UV rays and less prone to rot. However, they do not tolerate temperature changes quite well. Metal sheets include sheet materials. As a raw material, copper, zinc, and steel are used. Galvanized, in comparison with other coatings of this category, is not so durable. Its operational period is not more than 50 years. But copper and zinc coatings can last up to 100 years.

Other classification

Sheet material for roofing can be:

• Metal flat or profiled.
• Bitumen-fibrous (bitumen-impregnated synthetic fiber).
• Asbestos-cement (metal, ondulin and others).
• Colored polymeric (slate).

Material for a soft roof roof can be:

• Roll (parchment, roofing material and its modifications).
• Film (rubber and polymer membranes).
• Piece (natural slate, tile, soft, including).
• Mastics (bituminous and polymeric).

However, the presented division can be fully considered conditional, since, for example, some sheet and piece materials differ only in size.

Slate

This material for roofing has always been in demand. One of the advantages of a coating is its relatively low cost. Slate is made up of portland cement and short-fiber asbestos. The first component contains 85%, the second - 15%. After hardening, a reinforcing mesh of asbestos fibers is formed. It imparts tensile strength and toughness. Slate coating is durable and fire resistant. European analogues of the material are more durable, since they contain profile gaskets made of metal. Builders note the ease of laying and dismantling slate. For fixing, special screws or nails are used. To prevent leakage of the coating, rubber fasteners are used in the attachment points. One of the significant drawbacks of slate is the possibility of using it only on pitched structures. In addition, under the influence of atmospheric precipitation, microcracks appear on the surface. When water enters them, the damage becomes greater, which leads to the destruction of the coating. To increase the service life and improve the decorative properties, slate sheets are covered with pigment compositions during production. As a result, a protective layer is formed on the surface. Thanks to him, the slate serves one and a half times longer, and the release of asbestos into the atmosphere is less intense.

Bituminous fibrous sheet

This material for the roof of the house has another name - "euroshift". It is an analog of the coating described above. Euroshift belongs to the category of modern materials. In Russia, the common name for this coating is ondulin (by popular brand). The shape of the sheets is similar to the slate. A distinctive feature of ondulin is the ease of its processing and higher strength. The coating is light in weight. This allows you to lay it on the roof, without removing the old material and without reinforcing the truss system. Euroshade sheets are capable of withstanding wind gusts and snow loads. Another analogue is the coating, which produces a homogeneous polymer. The production process uses the extrusion method. Also, during the manufacturing process, the sheets are corrugated. Advantages of this coating are strength, light weight, fire resistance, resistance to acid and alkaline environments, environmental friendliness, a variety of shades and durability. However, such material can be laid on the roof with a slope of at least 15%.

New coatings

Today, the material for soft roofing is very popular. When manufacturing, cardboard or other raw materials that are not rotting are used. In particular, the manufacture uses fiberglass, polyester or fiberglass. They are covered with either pure bitumen or mixed with polymer. These coatings are divided into:

• SBS-modified. They contain not less than 10-12% of the polymer component. Such coatings are highly elastic even at low temperatures.
• APP-modified. They contain from 25% of the polymer component. Such coatings are highly heat resistant.

Materials from the second category are used mainly in areas with a hot climate, from the first - in the weather conditions in Russia.

Simple bituminous-roll coatings

They include various kinds of ruberoid, the basis of which is cardboard, metal, foil, and others. Such coatings are used for the hydro and steam insulation. Roof and lining roofing cover the pitched and flat roofs. One of the significant shortcomings of such coatings should be considered their small operating period - no more than five years. Rolled materials have increased sensitivity to atmospheric phenomena. They do not tolerate temperature changes, UV rays and precipitation. Many seek to save and acquire such coverage. However, later such an initial cheapness will result in significant financial costs. The more qualitative are those materials in which the foil layer is present: metal and foil isole.

Advanced coatings

When adjusting the upper and lower roofing layers, as well as when laying the waterproofing, roll materials based on fiberglass, polyester or glass wool are used. Among them, for example, it is worth noting rubestek, bikrost, linocrom, rubemast, glassbite. As a rule, they are used on flat and pitched structures (with a slope of up to 25%). If the slope is greater, then at high temperatures the material can slide off the roof. Mastic is used to fix the coatings. Another disadvantage is the need for multi-layer installation using gravel and stone crumbs. In general, the life of the coating is about 15 years.

Piece of Coating

To this category include tiles, translucent and metal materials for the roof of the roof (photo of some examples can be seen in the article). Such coatings are mainly laid on mansard and hip designs with a large slope. To the widespread materials of this category include ceramic tile, shingles and slate slate. The latter is distinguished by its durability and high decorative qualities. The gonth is a wooden plank with grooves and a wedge-shaped cross-section. They are laid in several layers. Ceramic tiles are considered to be quite an "ancient" coating. This material is environmentally friendly, durable (service life is more than a hundred years), as well as high quality characteristics. Today, three types of roof tiles are used in construction:

• Grooved. In this case, the upper and lower rows are stacked in opposite sides. The result is a grooved effect.
• Pazovoy. Such a coating is spread in the form of a "shell". To fix the elements to each other, a locking connection is used.
• Flat. It is also called the "beaver tail". During installation, the upper element covers the joint between the two lower ones.

There is also cement-sand tile. In its manufacture, quartz sand, iron oxide pigments and Portland cement are used. This coating does not burn out under direct sunlight, has high strength and long operating life. In addition, the material is fireproof, has good sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Lay the cover better on the pitched roof. Installation can be done by yourself without the involvement of a team of specialists.

Metal

Today this material is most common. The advantages of a metal coating include hygienic, high strength, fire resistance and light weight. Among the minuses is worth noting the susceptibility to corrosion, good heat and sound conductivity. In the manufacture of the material, both sheet and piece raw materials are used: steel, duralumin, copper and gold plated plates, stamped metal tiles. To install the coating, it is necessary to attract specialists. Today the most popular are galvanized and iron sheets. They are covered with a special protective layer of copper, titanium and zinc alloy, which prevents the appearance of corrosion.