HealthDiseases and Conditions

What is cholestasis? Symptoms. Causes. Treatment

What is cholestasis? This is an ailment characterized by a decrease in the intake of bile in the duodenum. Such a disease of the gastrointestinal tract can appear as a result of various disorders in the body and therefore many doctors use the term "cholestasis syndrome".

What diseases lead to cholestasis?

All the causative diseases that lead to the onset of cholestasis can be divided into two large groups. The first - those that are associated with a violation of the correct secretion of bile (alcohol and toxic liver damage, liver cirrhosis , viral hepatitis, etc.). The second group - associated with a violation of outflow of bile (biliary primary cirrhosis, biliary atresia and others).

Two kinds

What is cholestasis? Reduction or absolute cessation of bile secretion. A site where there is an obstacle to the secretion of bile - between the duodenum and the liver. Bile does not enter the gut, but the liver still continues to produce bilirubin, which enters the bloodstream. There are two main types: intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic. The reasons for the first can be:

  • Alcoholic liver damage;
  • Endocrine diseases;
  • Metabolic disorders;
  • Hepatitis;
  • Poisoning of the liver with a long medication;
  • Genetic disorders;
  • At women the changed level of hormones during pregnancy.

Extrahepatic cholestasis - what is it? This is also a violation of the outflow of bile, but as a result of mechanical obstacles:

  • Narrowing of the bile ducts;
  • Stones in the gallbladder;
  • Tumor diseases of the pancreas, bile ducts;
  • Pancreatitis.

Signs of cholestasis

The main symptom is a skin itch, especially manifested in the evening and night. Therefore, patients with cholestasis are often aggressive and irritable. In addition, the main symptoms are darkening of the urine, light feces, an increase in the size of the liver. It happens that patients complain of pain in the joints. Chronic cholestasis - what is it? Prolonged disease is marked by pigmentation due to the accumulation of a large amount of melanin in the skin. Under the skin can accumulate cholesterol and then around the mammary glands, around the eyes, on the palms, back, xanthomas are formed.

How to treat?

Having dealt with the symptoms through which cholestasis manifests itself (what it is, we have already considered), now we will figure out how to treat it. Diet is the main thing. The patient must begin to monitor the amount of neutral and animal fats consumed (up to forty grams per day). It is necessary to start reading labels on food products containing these fats, and on this basis you need to form a proper diet. Fried food is recommended to limit, and alcohol, canned food, coffee and smoked products are excluded altogether. In addition to dieting, you need to undergo medical treatment, which the doctor will appoint, depending on the characteristics and severity of the disease. Treatment is based on the use of hepatoprotectors, which protect all liver cells and promote the free entry of bile. Skin itching is treated with preparations based on cholestyramine. How is extrahepatic type of cholestasis treated? Basically, this is surgery.

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