Types of stairs to the second floor. How to make a ladder on the second floor?

In the modern world, people are trying to maximally improve their homes, make it comfortable and convenient. But sometimes, in order to implement all the ideas, you need too much free space. For this reason, in recent years preference has been given to two-story houses. The advantage of such buildings is that the increase in living space is due to the height of the house.

However, determining this option, it is worth considering that one of the most important stages is the choice of stairs. Not everyone understands the seriousness of this issue. After all, the strength and reliability of the structure will depend on the safety of people living there. Below we will look more closely at what kind of stairs for a house there are.

Types of stairs for a private house

All variety of designs and designs can be divided into three subspecies:

• Screw;
• Marching;
• Combined.

Determined with the type of stairs, you need to consider the total area of the house, the location of the bearing walls, interior design and other factors. Unfortunately, not always the liked variant approaches on all technical characteristics.

Screw constructions

Screw types of stairs to the second floor are quite common. They represent the rod, which is responsible for the support, with spiraling steps around it. This kind is ideal for small rooms, but it should be noted that its design is not very convenient, and sometimes even dangerous. The spiral staircase is about 1 km wide. M. Its erection is possible in any place, regardless of the location of walls, windows, doors. Often, these designs can be found in the center of the room, which does not heavier space, but, on the contrary, gives it a certain charm and sophistication.

March staircase

The simple and safe design of the flight ladder seamlessly fits into the spacious houses. Its classical design, straightness of forms and rigidity of lines will give space of simplicity and laconism. Typically, these types of stairs to the second floor consist of two marches and a platform between them. This construction gives the building a majestic appearance. In order for the staircase to be comfortable enough, professionals recommend to maintain a certain height and width of the steps, and their number should be no more than 16 on one march.

Such constructions can be given different forms: G- or U-shaped. The first option consists of two flights of staircases connecting at right angles and passing near adjacent walls. In the place of turn it is possible to equip the site or set the turning steps. If you build a ladder in a spacious hall or living room, then under it you can equip a built-in wardrobe, pantry or simply shelves, where you can place a lot of things.

U-shaped structures are large in size and are most often used in hotels, mansions, and cultural houses. Basically, this is due to the fact that the dimensions of these stairs are designed for greater patency. Their design consists of three marches. In the beginning there is the first (widest), at the end of it there is a landing, and already from it go the remaining two spans that are relative to each other at an angle of 180 degrees.

These types of stairs to the second floor are considered the most convenient and ergonomic, therefore in great demand. They are completely safe for both children and the elderly.

Combined staircase

Such models are the most balanced in all respects. They can simultaneously combine curved and rectilinear, arc-shaped, spiral, curved elements. There are no special rules in drawing up the design. This takes into account the personal preferences of the owners, the layout features and the imagination of the designer. It is worth noting that these types of stairs to the second floor are the most original and beautiful. They fulfill not only their direct purpose, but also are the central subject in the interior.

Materials for stairs

In order to build a frame of stairs inside the premises, you can use materials such as metal, brick, wood, cinder block, natural stone. In the role of decoration can act plastic inserts, stainless steel, glass and other elements.

Consider the most popular types:

• Stairs made of wood. Such material is relatively inexpensive, can be easily processed, it can be painted with paint and varnish compositions. Stairs to the second floor (the design is quite diverse) can be made both from inexpensive wood species (eg pine), and from valuable, even exotic ones. This directly affects their price. Most majestic look those models in which several types of wood are used at once.
• Metal structures are the most durable and most durable ladders. Such material can act as the basis for the structure, which in the future will be trimmed with wood or lined with stone, and an independent object. The handrail can be decorated with forged elements, handrails - stainless or chrome plated metal. Ideal for such styles of interiors as minimalism, high-tech, classical.
• Stone stairs. The frame of such a model can be laid out with the help of special blocks, or the ladder march is poured with a solid plate. Such constructions are bulky and bulky, their installation is possible at the initial stage of building a house. They are strong and durable. Such stairs are decorated most often with natural or artificial stone.

Structure of the staircase: highlights

How to make a ladder on the second floor? This question is often asked by many people. In order to answer it, you first need to familiarize yourself with the basics of the supporting structure. So, what does it consist of:

• Stands are used in spiral staircases, they serve as a support, have a vertical position.
• Bowstring - beam, which creates a reliable support for the steps, supporting them from the bottom and sides.
• Kosovy - integral structures, consisting of a beam with projections. They are used for direct attachment of the stage.
• Boltsa - support pins, which are a bolted connection, through which the steps are securely attached to the wall.

Also, when designing the ladder independently, it is very important to correctly calculate the angle of climb, the strength of the supporting structure, the width and height of the steps.

Matching staircase design and interior styles

In which room will be installed a ladder to the second floor, does not matter. In this matter, it is necessary to be guided by the ease of use and the presence of certain room sizes. The main thing is to make precise measurements, as well as determine the appointment of the room, because it is not entirely ethical to make a passage, for example, from the bedroom. It is especially important to take this into account, making up the designs of the stairs to the second floor with your own hands.

Also it is worth paying attention to the overall design of the house, as the forms, decoration, color scheme should fully correspond to each other. Of course, the practicality and reliability of the staircase design are quite significant criteria, but you can not neglect the design, because the living space should be harmonious and aesthetic.

• Country style. The most actual for such houses will be wooden staircases, simple, without excessive pretentiousness.
• Minimalism. Suitable lightweight, compact design without heavy and bulky handrails.
• Art Deco. A bright and unusual staircase with original forms and finishes. It should fully correspond to the basic contrasting interior.
• High tech. The combination of glass and metal. The most organically fit is a light model with chrome elements.
• Baroque. A voluminous, majestic design of an ornate shape. Such stairs are often decorated with gilding, tracery carvings, sculptures, stucco molding.

How to build a ladder?

Certain types of stairs are installed in different ways. For example, the construction on the Kosovar is planned at the stage of construction of the house, on the racks - during the finishing. So, let's look at how to install wooden types of stairs to the second floor.

Installation instructions:

• Drawing up a plan-project, where optimal sizes, angle of inclination, number of stages, etc. will be calculated.
• Installation of the base. You can use strings or strings. When installing beam supports, it is necessary to maintain the level.
• We pass to the steps. The optimal thickness of the board is not less than 35 cm. The width and height of the podstupennikov should be of such size that it would be most convenient to move along the stairs. It is necessary to follow the quality of the wood processing, as this will determine the strength and durability of the structure. The length of the steps should correspond to the width of the ladder. It is necessary to grind off their surface and cut off sharp edges.
• After all the necessary number of stages is prepared, you can proceed to install them. They are fastened with the help of carpentry glue and self-tapping screws.
• Railing. For them, perfectly ready handrails or balusters. They can be of different design and shape. Fastening of a support of a handrail occurs in the beginning and the end of a ladder.
• After installation, the wood must be primed and covered with any paint and varnish. It is worth noting that for steps it is impossible to select a coating that will form a slippery surface. This is extremely unsafe and can lead to quite serious consequences.
• The most recent stage will be the decoration of the fastening points. For this purpose it is recommended to install special plugs.

Important Tips

The width and height of the steps is a significant nuance in the construction of the staircase. Raising it should be most convenient for each member of the family. Proceeding from this, the standards of conformity were developed, for example 18:28, 17:29, 19:29.

The safest and most comfortable slope of the staircase is 40 degrees. The type of stairs from the second floor should in no case be threatening, it may lead to the child simply refusing to go down independently.

A staircase in the house is a very important piece of furniture. It is not only used to get to the second floor, but also gives the space with its originality and contrast.