The Kremlin, to which we are all accustomed today (with its walls and towers), was built during 1485-1495 on the spot of the white stone fortress of the times of Dimitry Donskoy, which by that time was completely dilapidated. For our contemporaries, the walls and towers of the Kremlin is not only a stunning historical monument, it is also a "living" evidence of the high level of development of the fortification art of the Russian people in the 15th century.
The towers of the Kremlin are interconnected by fortress walls. The goal pursued by their creators was to be able to fire from the towers in different directions. For this, the architects moved the buildings a little way forward beyond the wall line. Round towers appeared where the walls of the Kremlin closed at an angle. They were the most durable and practical, because they allowed round-up fire. Among them - Corner Arsenalnaya, Beklimishevskaya and Vodovzvodnaya. Their peculiarity was also the fact that inside they were equipped with hiding-wells that could supply the Kremlin with water for a long time in the conditions of a long siege. All the towers of the Kremlin had several floors and practical through passageways, which allowed defenders of the fortress to move quickly and imperceptibly from the enemy from one wall of the fortress to another. These passages in the towers have survived to the present day.
The height of the Kremlin walls, depending on the terrain, ranges from 5 to 19 meters. Their thickness reaches 6.5 meters! The most "thin" - 3.5 meters. The total area of the fortress of the Kremlin is approximately 28 hectares. The Kremlin towers, in the amount of 20 pieces, are evenly distributed along the entire perimeter of the fortress walls. Five of them are travel cards. Including, and the most beautiful - Spassky Tower of the Kremlin.
Today it is a visiting card of Moscow. The most famous landmark is not only the capital, but also the Red Square, which goes. It is in it are the main gates of the Kremlin with the same name - Spassky. The famous chimes, which have been met for so many years by every New Year throughout Russia, are also located on this building. Its dome is decorated with a red star - a symbol of the USSR, which until now is associated with all foreigners, primarily with Moscow.
This tower of the Kremlin has a height of about 71 meters. It was built in 1491 under Ivan III. Its author is the architect Pietro Antonio Solari. This is evidenced by the inscription on the white stone slabs, which are installed directly on the structure. The construction of the tower was the beginning of the construction of defensive structures on the eastern side of the Kremlin. During the erection, she was named Frolovskaya. The fact is that quite near, on Myasnitskaya Street, was the church of Frol and Laurus, which, however, has not survived until today. The road to it from the Kremlin was through this tower.
Its current name is Spasskaya, the tower is obliged to the image of the Savior, which was written over its gates in 1658 from the side of Red Square. Then they renamed not only the tower, but also the Frolovsky gates of this structure. Since then, they have become known as Spassky. And until today they are considered the main gates of the Kremlin, Moscow and Russia.