The problem of youth employment in Russia

The problem of finding jobs for young people has always been of concern to state bodies, since this issue directly concerns social policy. In order to ensure a high standard of living of the population through national resources, it is important to understand this issue and find the most practical solutions.

Young people and unemployment: about concepts

The problem of finding a job for young people in Russia has been popular since ancient times, including under the tsar-father. It is important to note that before finding solutions to a difficult issue, it is necessary to carefully understand the terminology, and then determine the most effective ways to eliminate it.

Pay attention: if in any source problems of youth employment are considered, the article, review or author's abstract will necessarily contain a number of definitions and concepts. So, in the modern understanding of youth, a social, demographic group of people is called, whose circle is limited to a certain age. Among the distinguishing features can be identified such as the performance for society of certain functions, specific views, interests, values, a place among other groups of people.

An important distinctive criterion of this group is age. Many scientists still can not agree on what the age framework should be. So, some establish an initial border from 13-14 years, and others remove it from 29-30 years of age. In addition, the concept of youth is inextricably linked with certain activities. So, among this group of people, most often there are servicemen, students, students working in certain specialties, and so on.

About unemployment

The problem of finding a job for young people requires careful consideration of the concept of "unemployment". Unemployment in the modern sense is called the socio-economic phenomenon, which is characterized by a special complexity. In this case, part of the active population, able to earn a living, is not able to realize its potential due to the lack of decent jobs. It is worth noting that most often the labor market and problems of youth employment are associated with a great desire to realize their potential by young people, but at the same time with a catastrophic shortage of work vacancies.

Normative regulation

Legislation to date regulates the unemployment rate only for persons who have reached the age of 16 years. So, according to the national law, the unemployed are people who do not have a working income or other basic earnings for the realization of their work skills. Here there are several conditions: a person must be in the territory of the Russian Federation, must be registered with the employment service, and also stay in search of work.

The problem of employment of modern youth: the demographic aspect

As you know, Russia as an independent state could "get on its feet" only by the beginning of the twenty-first century after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is during this period that radical changes take place not only in the field of economics, jurisprudence, but also in the field of social policy, including the ways of solving the problem of finding a job for young people. Currently, such a group as youth, is 22 percent of the total population, or 32 million people in Russia.

The problem of finding jobs for young people in the light of education is rather ambiguous. It is impossible not to note the fact that young people are striving for knowledge, try to enter higher education, but here every future specialist is awaited by a new problem related to finding a job. As a result, a new problem arises with the employment of university graduates. As a result of the growth of the problematic issue, most former students are forced to work not in their specialty, which means that the knowledge, skills and skills that young people have received within the walls of a state institution are, in fact, useless. This means that the state has spent budget funds in vain. A real picture can show statistical data. For 2016, the official unemployment rate is 30% of the entire group. And this includes not only schoolchildren, but also those who have not reached the age of 29, that is, former students, graduate students, military conscripts, and so on. It should be noted that not every citizen applies to the employment service bodies, therefore, the above-mentioned indicator can in fact be of surprisingly great importance.

Features of the social group under consideration

The problem of finding a job for young people is inextricably linked with the characteristics that are inherent in this community of people. As a rule, the first priority is the difficulties associated with adapting to the current conditions in the economic sphere, the marketing area. An important role is played by the process of choosing a profession, searching for oneself and self-realization, finding a job, as well as housing and other economic problems.

Labor market

Almost all the conditions concerning the employment of young people in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia, the Sverdlovsk Region, dictate the modern labor market. This term refers to social and labor relations that exist in close interrelations and form a system of public relations that regulate the procedure and conditions for the employment of labor, its use and exchange, the mechanism of supply and demand, pricing and many other aspects related to the Labor interaction.

The youth labor market requires special attention, as it is a special element among the above-mentioned complex mechanism of labor relations. There are their own patterns and socio-demographic features. Each employer offering a job for a young person should take into account that for this category emotional instability, rapidly changing life values, lack of working experience and experience, low professional status are characteristic.

As for the positive moments, the youth is distinguished by mobility, high level of potential, and also the ability to quickly search for all possible ways of solving the problem, unlike such categories as the disabled or the mothers in the decree.

"Working" factors

The problem of finding a job for young people in Russia is due to a number of factors. On the one hand, almost every teenager or graduate of an educational institution dreams of a prestigious job, where he will realize all the potential that the teachers have invested in him. And on the other hand, not every teenager is able to find himself in conditions of tough competition, especially among those who have a lot of knowledge, skills and skills.

Problems of employment, employment of young people depend on the following factors, namely: the level of material income of each individual family; The possibility of self-realization at the learning stage; Higher or professional education; Realization of their rights and social guarantees provided by the state. If we turn to the first section of this article, then there is a significant amplitude of the age range: from 13 to 30 years. That is why among the youth there are several subgroups.

Youth subgroups: first category

The main problems of youth employment are inextricably linked with a certain subgroup: from 14 to 18 years. This group includes 95% of students and college students. This age period is accompanied by the assimilation and adoption of basic life values, which in the future will have a strong impact on the social development of the adolescent as an individual. From the age of 14, active adaptation to the conditions of life and society begins to form.

From the age of 12-14 each person begins to think about what he would like to become, whatever career he chose. The problem of finding a job for modern youth in Russia has some specific features. And all because of the fact that in foreign countries, the working age is much higher. In the modern state, 80% of young people earned their first cash before they reached the age of majority. It should be noted that this trend is not positive, as labor employment, albeit partial, negatively affects the learning process. If this problem arises in the university, the quality of training of the future specialist suffers from this.

Youth subgroups: second category

The problem of finding a job for modern youth is inherent in people who have not reached the age of 24, that is, its second subgroup consists of young people from 18 to 24 years old.

As a rule, the main mass here are men who served in the army, as well as students who continue their studies, or specialists who have just graduated from high school. The problems of this group are related to the lack of work experience. That is, in fact, all specialists have a sufficient level of knowledge that allows them to carry out their work effectively, but in fact employers are reluctant to accept young people without experience and work experience.

Youth subgroups: the third category

It is not difficult to guess that the third and last subgroup, entering into the youth age, are persons from 25 to 30 years. As a rule, its representatives already position themselves as held specialists or have work experience in a certain field.

The main problems of youth employment in this period are associated with high financial requirements for work. Thus, the majority of representatives of this group have a family, therefore, financial demands grow significantly, which directly affects the level of wages.

The specificity of the youth market

Solving the problems of finding a job for young people can only be found through consideration of all its features. Based on the information that will be obtained as a result of the study of the specifics of the youth market, it is quite possible to develop a mechanism and find ways of resolving problematic issues.

The primary feature is the constant volatility of the labor market. This means that supply and demand are constantly changing. At one time, there were vacancies that allowed to employ even adolescents who had not reached adulthood, at the same time, in 5-10 years the situation would completely reverse in the opposite direction.

Low competitiveness

Young people - this is the group whose representatives, due to age characteristics and mental development, possess the minimum amount of tools to be competitive in the labor market. Lack of necessary knowledge, skills and experience, work experience, working experience do not allow employers to take risks and accept such employees into the organization.

Moreover, for the employer there is a huge number of restrictions and additional payments related to the labor of a minor. Here, the law establishes fairly strict norms related to the rights of the child, which, of course, is unprofitable for a person who can hire an adult without special problems.

Female employment

Extremely difficult situation in the labor market has developed against the fair sex. Among graduates of higher educational institutions, the majority are women. Here it is important to note that employers are reluctant to take young people to work, arguing that they will soon go to the decree.

Of course, the law prohibits the use of the employer for refusing to accept the above-mentioned grounds. However, along with this, the bosses find a huge number of other reasons, concerning "why you do not fit us".

In general, it is necessary to solve the problems related to the youth labor market at the present time. Active dynamics of variability indicates that social programs, which are thought through by the state or municipal authorities for several years ahead, have no result.

With this approach it is impossible to envisage all the changes that will occur in 5 or 7 years and will affect the development of youth subgroups. That is why the ways to solve the problem of finding a job for young people, whether they are represented by a program or other social guarantees, should be amenable to correction.