The population of Romania, territory, climate, nature

Romania is a small country on the Balkan Peninsula with access to the Black Sea. People have long settled here, so culture and traditions are deeply rooted. The population of Romania, its cuisine and language create a special atmosphere of the country, which is difficult to tell, it needs to be felt. There are many legends, attractions, sun and inexpensive good food. Therefore, tours to Romania today are becoming more popular with tourists from Russia and Europe.

Geography

Romania is located in the southeast of Europe and is the largest country in the region. The state borders on Ukraine, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia and Moldova, the coastline of the Black Sea is 250 km. The area of the country is about 240 square meters. Km. There is a line of southern Carpathians along the territory with the highest mountain of Romania - Moldovyan (2544 m).

The population of Romania is about 20 million people. It is mainly a country of small settlements, the largest city is the capital Bucharest with a population of about 2 million people. The rest of the cities are much smaller in size, in the five relatively large, with a population of about 300 thousand people, includes Iasi, Constanta, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara. The urban population accounts for 53% of the total population.

There are many forests and rivers in the country. The main river is the Danube, its length in the borders of Romania is about one thousand kilometers (one-third of the whole length). There are a lot of lakes scattered throughout the country, formed as a result of melting water in the mountains, they are distinguished by crystal clear water, a large number of freshwater fish and beautiful landscapes around.

Climate

A successful geographical location is the reason that the weather in Romania is very comfortable for life. Moderately continental climate in the interior of the sea, closer to the coast allows you to successfully engage in different types of agriculture. The weather in Romania in winter is very mild, the temperature fluctuates around zero degrees, in the mountains it can drop to 10 degrees below zero. In the mountains, the snow cover lasts about 100 days, on the plains about 30-40 days a year. Summer is also very comfortable, the average temperature in July in the afternoon is 23 degrees. A very large number of sunny days, about 200 per year.

History

The territory of Romania began to be populated another 40 thousand years ago, archaeologists find here Cro-Magnon camps. But actually the history of the Romanian ethnos begins around the second century AD, when the Roman legions settled in a territory that historically belonged to the Thracian tribes of the Dacians. These two beginnings became the base of Romanians. In the 6th century, new peoples began to systematically enter this territory: it is the migration of the Slavs, then the Bulgarians settle here, in the 9th century Hungarians appear. All this is a complex ethnic, cultural and linguistic mix, from which a new nation is being formed.

In the 13th century, this territory begins to turn into feudal principalities, there is Moldavia and Wallachia, within the Hungarian state there is the Romanian autonomy of Transylvania. At that time serfdom is being formed, the aristocratic layer of society is being singled out. Boyars take over the supreme authority of the Ottoman Empire, which provides protection and control until the middle of the 19th century. The Romanians are making several attempts to throw off the Turkish yoke by uniting with different forces, including with Russia. In 1859, a united country, headed by Alexander Kuza, appears. He managed to free the peasants, but was overthrown, the throne departed to the Prussian viceroy. And only in 1877 the independence of Romania is proclaimed, which later becomes the principality under the authority of the sovereign of Carol the First.

As a result of the First World War, Romania had a real threat of liquidation, the Russian Empire saved it from it, as a result, in 1917, Romania acquired Transylvania and Bessarabia. In the Second World War, Romania was on the side of Germany, after the victory of the Soviet Union, part of the territories became part of the USSR, and the remaining country fell under the protectorate of Soviet power. In 1989, a new story begins, a revolution takes place, as a result of which the Ceausescu regime fell and a new state appeared, the presidential republic of Romania. Since 2007, the country joins the European Union, but retains its currency and its own visa system.

Language

Any nation becomes an independent ethnos, only if it has its own language, not an exception, and Romania. The language of the people is formed from those adverbs used by people living in the territory of the state. Romanian language refers to the Balkan-Romance group of Romance languages and is formed at the junction of several linguistic areas. He is related to Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, so knowing these languages helps in communicating with the Romanians. For 90% of the country's inhabitants, the native language is Romanian, the second language is Hungarian. In cities, young people everywhere, except for the native, speak English, but in the remote areas problems of understanding may arise.

Residents of the country

The population of Romania is ethnically very diverse, this has led to the emergence of an interesting culture with numerous influences and borrowings. The formation of the Romanian nation was influenced by Roma, Hungarians, Muslims, Slavs, and all this led to the formation of a kind of integrity. 90% of the population today are Romanians, 6% - Hungarian diaspora, 3.5% - Roma. The remaining ethnic groups are represented in small numbers: Ukrainians, Turks, Russians, Germans.

Today, the dynamics of the population of the country decreased, although from 1977 to 1992 the population grew by 500-600 thousand people per year. Since the late 90's there has been a negative dynamics of numbers, today there are about 20 million people in the country. Experts associate this phenomenon with the opening of borders and a decline in the economic standard of living. The dominant religion is Orthodoxy, although there is no official faith in the state, but a large part (89%) of the population professes the Christian religion in the Orthodox version, 6% - Protestant faith and 5% - Catholics.

The average age of a Romanian is 40 years, the average life expectancy is 75 years. The number of men at birth is higher than that of women (the ratio is 1.06), and already at the age of 65, men are almost half as many as women (0.65).

Culture

Numerous nationalities, merged into the Romanian people, led to the emergence of an unusual and diverse culture. The country has very strong folk art and crafts, the traditions of pottery, embroidery, carving, weaving have a pronounced local flavor. The architecture of Romania was formed initially under the influence of Romanesque traditions, later the Byzantine architects had a great impact. In the buildings of Transylvania, borrowings from the Gothic are still clearly visible.

sights

Romania is rich in interesting places and sights. Among the most notable are: Peles Castle, built in a mixed style, it shows the influence of Baroque, Renaissance and Moorish culture; The palace of Cantacuzino in Bucharest, striking with the luxury and imagination of the architect; Gothic castle Korvinov; Monastery of the Marconius of the 16th century; The medieval fortress of Sighisoara and much more.

Country Romania strongly associated with Dracula. The myth of a vampire from Transylvania appeared in the 14th century, and today is a well-sold story. Bran Castle is considered the place where Dracula lived, although meticulous historians assure that Vlad Tepes, who became the prototype of the monster, was here only passing through. But the castle does not lose its attractiveness because it looks very impressive and mysterious. Another castle, which is associated with Vlad Tepes, is the castle of Poenari, which the earl lived for several years.

In addition to castles in Romania, natural attractions are worthy of attention, such as lakes, forests, valleys and mountains, and, of course, the sea. The city of Constanta on the Black Sea coast combined the possibilities of cognitive and beach rest.

Kitchen

The population of Romania is heterogeneous and, accordingly, the cuisine is diverse and distinctive. Here eat a lot of meat, vegetables and fruits. The most popular dish is sausages, michi or mitite, fried in the open fire and having a piquant taste. Romanians like soup, the most famous of which is a thick and fragrant chorba. From dairy products are famous cheese from sheep's milk, reminiscent of cheese. Romanians are great masters in baking bread, each bakery will offer fragrant, fresh bread of several varieties.

Recreation

The incredible tourist attraction of Romania is explained by the fact that the opportunities for a variety of recreation are successfully combined here. Sea, mountains, sights, great cuisine - what else does a tourist need ?! Tours in Romania are attractive also at a low price, which is especially important for the economical traveler. Service in the country meets high European standards, and by the degree of people's cordiality, many countries of the Old World avoid.

Practical information

Time in Romania, like in many regions of Europe, is divided into winter and summer. The transition takes place at the end of October and at the end of March, respectively. Time in Romania is different for 1 hour from Russia. However, the same can be said about all of Eastern Europe.

Prices in Romania are slightly lower than in Europe as a whole, this makes the country especially attractive for tourists. In the country there is a circulation of the national currency - the Romanian leu, the exchange of money can be made in any bank. Non-cash payment system by bank cards is developed mainly in the resort regions, in the outback it is better to have cash with you. In Romania, an inexpensive and interesting shopping. From here you can bring dry red wines, plum tincture, ceramics, wooden jewelry boxes, embroidered napkins, tablecloths, blouses with national ornaments.