The judicial authority of the Russian Federation. Fundamentals of organization and procedure of work

Traditionally, all power in the country is divided into three branches. This is the legislative, executive and judicial power. In our country, this provision is enshrined in the Constitution, namely in Article 10. Legislative power is mainly engaged in the development of laws, and the executive is watching to ensure that these laws are implemented. A special place is reserved for the third branch. The judicial power of the Russian Federation is independent and independent. It is carried out by courts on two levels: federal and subjects. The system of the judiciary is established by the Constitution in chapter seven and federal laws - such as the Federal Law "On Justices of the Peace", the Federal Law "On the Status of Judges" and so on.

The very term "judicial power of the Russian Federation" can be interpreted in different senses: broad and narrow. Thus, this term is sometimes meant by a certain court exercising its powers, the very system of justice in the country or all the courts. Judicial power of the Russian Federation is, by definition, a form of power. That is why it should be considered, starting from the understanding of the word "power". In accordance with this definition, the judiciary is not only organizations, institutions and persons with the right to legal proceedings. These are also the functions that they carry with them, and a special legal status determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The organization of the judicial system is determined by its foundations. Let us examine the constitutional foundations of the judiciary, which are the basic principles of its activity. They can be found in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in chapter seven. Judicial proceedings in Russia are carried out on the principles of democracy, equality of all before the court and law, the rule of law, respect for the individual, openness, unity of the whole system, and so on.

The Constitution establishes three types of proceedings, on the basis of which its activities are carried out. This is criminal, constitutional and administrative proceedings. The federal law specifies each of the concepts and determines the courts that carry out this or that legal procedure.

Criminal law is exercised by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the supreme courts of the republics, regional, military, district and regional courts. The same authorities consider civil and administrative matters. Such courts are also called courts of general jurisdiction.

Special emphasis is given to constitutional litigation. The judicial power of the Russian Federation gives such powers only to the Constitutional Court and the constitutional (statutory) court of the republics. The first deals with a broad list of issues, the most important of which is the examination of cases on the compliance of published normative acts in the country with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. As for the second, he deals primarily with the consideration of requests for the compliance of a normative act of a certain subject (the one in which the court is located) of the constitution of that subject.

So, the judiciary of the Russian Federation is an independent, independent and separate branch of power, associated with the other two through a system of restraints and counterbalances. It is carried out solely on the basis of normative acts, is indivisible and is carried out with the help of judicial proceedings.