The area of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan - the area of the territory, features and characteristics of the country

Kazakhstan is famous for the whole world for its great mountain peaks, mysterious deserts, emerald lakes, uniqueness of animal and vegetable worlds. What is only worth mentioning about the ancient civilization, which is this country. Here long lived nomadic tribes. It is here that a rather large part of the Great Silk Road lies. So what is hidden in a wonderful and unique Kazakhstan?

History

The history of the country dates back to the prehistoric period - 2.5 million years BC. E. The ancient era took the VIII century BC. E. - V century BC. E. The medieval period is in the V-XVIII centuries. A new story begins in the XVIII century. And ends in 1917. Kazakhstan was a part of Russia, the Nogai Horde, the Siberian Kingdom, and the Kazakh Khanate.

The first stage of modern history fell on the period of the collapse of the Russian Empire until the collapse of the USSR. And the second stage began on December 16, 1991, when the republic became a sovereign and legal democratic state.

During the country's existence, the map of Kazakhstan changed greatly due to its inclusion in various empires and kingdoms.

Administrative division

As it was said, Kazakhstan, the territory of which is more than 2 million square meters. Km, is a unitary state. In the country there are 3 cities of republican subordination, 86 cities, 14 regions, 168 districts, 174 townships.

So, the regions of Kazakhstan are presented below:

• Akmola.
• Alma-Ata.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• East Kazakhstan.
• West Kazakhstan.
• South-Kazakhstan.
• North-Kazakhstan.
• Zhambylskaya.
• Kostanay.
• The Karaganda.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Mangistau.

Cities of national importance:

• Almaty (Almaty).
• Baikonur.
• Astana is the capital.

Climate

It is worth recalling that the area of Kazakhstan is quite large. Therefore, contrasts can be observed in different parts of the country regarding climate, relief, and water resources.

Kazakhstan is remote from the ocean, so in the north the climate is severe and cold, and in the south flowers are not seasonal. The average temperature of January: in the north and east - -18 ° C, in the south--3 C °. The average temperature in July: in the north +19 ° C, in the south - + 28 ° .. + 30 ° C.

All regions of Kazakhstan are located in 4 climatic zones: desert, semi-desert, forest-steppe and steppe.

In the steppe zone are located areas in the north of the country. A very high wind speed is observed here. In the steppe zone, winter is shorter than summer. Spring in duration is equal to autumn.

In the forest-steppe zone there are plains in the north of the country. The shortest season is spring. The duration of summer is 3 months, and winters - from October to April.

In the semi-desert dry steppes were located in the central part of the republic. Winter here is extremely severe, the weather is unstable, in the summer unbearable heat reigns.

In the desert, which stretches on the plains of Kazakhstan, there is a long hot summer, great dryness of the air, severe winter.

Relief

Concerning the relief, I would like to note that the area of Kazakhstan in the amount of ¾ occupies the plains. In the east and southeast you can see the ranges of Altai, Tien Shan, Dzhungar Alatau. In the west, the Caspian lowland is located. In the center of the country there is a mountain system of the Kazakh melkopesochnika.

Water resources

Concerning water resources, I would like to say that there are about 8.5 thousand small and large rivers in Kazakhstan. The Irtysh, Tobol, Ishim flows along the north and northeast. Also on the territory of the country are the Ural, Ili, Syrdarya rivers. In summer, numerous middle and small rivers dry out due to dry weather.

The Caspian Sea is located on the territory of the country. Its depth is 5-7 meters. In addition to the territory of Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea occupies a certain area in Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.

48 thousand lakes of different sizes are located on the territory of the republic. The largest are Balkhash, Zaisan, Tengiz, Aral Sea, Alakol.

Animal and plant life

In every region of Kazakhstan you can see the animal and plant world that is characteristic only of it. So, 480 species of birds found their home in the territory of the republic, 155 mammals, 150 fish. In the deserts and semi-deserts, you can find reptiles and insects. In the steppe live saiga, gazelle, wolf, hare, rodents, fox, jackal. On the lakes of the country sheltered swans, geese, seagulls, ducks, flamingos. In the mountains you can find snow leopards, mountain goats, bears, rams, deer, numerous birds.

As for the flora, here you can also note the diversity. On the territory of Kazakhstan grow juniper, coniferous forest, birch, apple, aspen. The highlands are distinguished by alpine and subalpine meadows, and deserts and semi-deserts by wormwood-cereals, herbage-grasses, wormwood-saltwort plants. In the south of the republic you can see a unique specimen of flora - citrine, or santonin wormwood.

Demography

The area of Kazakhstan (sq. Km) is 2 724 000, the country occupies the ninth place in the world in this respect. By population, the republic is on the 60th place. But this does not mean that the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan should be proportional to the size of the country's territory. So, today there are more than 17 098 500 people living here. It turns out that for 1 square. Km there are only 6 people.

The borders of Kazakhstan - with Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China. It is quite natural that Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Uighurs, Germans, Tatars live on the territory of the country. How are the borders of Kazakhstan, you can see on the map in the article.

Places of interest

Kazakhstan is famous for its places of interest. Many call this country a museum in the open air. In the country you can enjoy magnificent scenic views and historical monuments.

So, everyone wants to visit Lake Burabai in Kokshetau region, which is covered with legends; Feel the beauty of the alpine meadows of the Trans-Ili Alatau and the majestic landscapes of the canyon of the Charyn River.

One of the most beautiful cities is Almaty. It is located at the foot of the Trans-Ili Alatau. Almaty attracts tourists with original architectural ensembles. Not far from the city there is a unique nature reserve, to which more than 90 thousand hectares are allotted.

In southern Kazakhstan, you can see the many graves of the Saka kings. This burial is attributed to the Iron Age. Its diameter is more than 104 meters, and height - 17 meters or more. No place in Eurasia can boast of such a large accumulation of burial mounds of kings.

Arriving in Kazakhstan, every tourist is simply obliged to visit the following cities, who will tell their history and history of the state formation:

• Astana.
• Almaty.
• Aktau.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• Baikonur.
• Balkhash.
• Borovoye.
• Zhezkazgan.
• Karaganda.
• Kokshetau.
• Kostanay.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Petropavlovsk.
• Families.
• Taldykorgan.
• Taraz.
• Turkestan.
• Uralsk.
• Ust-Kamenogorsk.
• Shymkent.

Culture

Public holidays are:

• March 8;
• 22 March;
• 1st of January;
• 30 August;
• 16 December;
• 1st of May;
• 9th May;
• 6 July.

Since the area of Kazakhstan is quite large and people of different religions reside on it, Ramadan Ait and Kurban Ait are on religious holidays.

Almost everyone knows that the residents of the republic are extremely hospitable people. You can come to Kazakhs without an invitation, and the owner of the house will be very happy. Among the characteristic features of the Kazakhs are tolerance, peace, respect for elders. All these qualities are brought up in everyone from childhood, so there were no interethnic or religious conflicts in the state.

Although in Kazakhstan the customs of different peoples have mixed up, most of the inhabitants of the country speak Russian. In recent years, Kazakh and English have become very popular. Residents of the country can be called "Kazakhs" or "Kazakhs". Although, as international practice shows, the term "Kazakhs" is still used more and more.

International relationships

Kazakhstan maintains international relations with all UN representatives. The main geopolitical partners of the state are the European Union, the United States, China, the Middle East and the Russian Federation.

Since 2005, the republic began actively developing economic and cultural processes with Yakutia, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, China. The state cooperates with the OSCE, the CAC, the Council of Turkic-speaking countries, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, CSTO, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, CICA, etc.

The Republic takes part in numerous peacekeeping operations. So, sappers from Kazakhstan managed to neutralize over 5 million ammunition in Iraq. Also, the state provides financial assistance to countries such as Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan.

Interacting with the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan cooperates in terms of the Customs Union, respects the collective security treaty, is considered a member state of the CIS. Relations with the People's Republic of China are becoming more and more friendly and close.

Concerning economic cooperation, it can be said that the state pursued an active policy with the CIS countries, since the area of Kazakhstan allows this. Concerning geopolitical opinion, it can be said that the government has always tried to be neutral.

Kazakhstan, a country that has won the trust of other states, has taken on a certain niche in the international community. It is famous for its stability in the economy, geopolitics and culture.