Sigmoid colon: location, anatomical features

Sigmoid colon (SC) is considered to be the lower part of the colon of the colon, which passes into the rectum, thus, it participates in the process of transportation of feces and their further excretion from the human body.

So, the sigmoid colon has an arrangement in the region of the upper opening of the small pelvis, is directed transversely to the right side of the arm, then turns to the left and, reaching the middle line, goes down, where at the level of the third cervical vertebra passes straight into the gut. At the same time, its length ranges from twenty to seventy-five centimeters (most often this figure is equivalent to forty-five centimeters).

The sigmoid colon has two folding loops that descend into the pelvic cavity. The size and shape of these loops are different and depends on the structure of the human body, they are adjacent to the left ileal bone and descend into the pelvic cavity, with one facing down and the other facing up. That is why the sigmoid colon has an S-shaped form. In seventy cases out of a hundred the length of the IC loop varies from twenty-five to forty-five centimeters, it is called normosigma. If its size is less than twenty-five centimeters, the sigmoid colon is called brachisigma. The outer diameter of the intestine is six centimeters, so if this size is exceeded, it can be argued that its walls are thickened.

SK is covered with the peritoneum on all sides, and has a mesentery, that is, a crease with which the intestine is attached to the wall of the stomach, a length of fifteen centimeters, which gives it greater mobility. This fold in its structure has two sections, one eight centimeters long, the other at ten. That is why the SC has the ability to shift both into the pelvic cavity, and towards the stomach or liver. It should be noted that the mesentery crosses the ureter, the ovarian and iliac vessels located in the lateral surface, as well as the lumbar and abdominal muscles, the left cervical joint. Then it passes to the surface of the vertebrae of the facial section and ends at the level of the third vertebra.

The sigmoid colon, the location of which allows it to come into contact with the small intestine or to be treated with sparse adhesions, can also come into contact with all organs of the abdominal cavity (except the pancreas) and the cavity of the small pelvis.

It should be noted that quite often (in the presence of a long mesentery) the colon sigmoid colon moves into the ileum, so it is necessary to be able to distinguish it from the cecum. To do this will not be difficult, you just need to remember that from the UK go the glandular processes, which are not in the intestine blind.

Once again, we emphasize that the sigmoid colon, the location of which is described above, has a variable morphology and anatomy, since they are zavyast of those processes that occur in it, as well as the physique of a person, his age characteristics and many other factors.

At the site of the descending colon's transition to the sigmoid, narrowing of the lumen is observed, this phenomenon was called the sphincter of Bali. It is at the level of the upper part of the abdominal bone and has an extent of up to two centimeters. Thus, the outer diameter of the intestine located behind this zone is from two to four centimeters, and in the sphincter zone - up to two centimeters.

Also the sigmoid colon of the sphinker (narrowing of the lumen) has in the middle, this structure is called the sphincter of Myuthelia, but it can move further away from its center. In this case, the outer diameter of the gut behind this zone is from two to six centimeters, and in the zone of Myuthelia - from one to three centimeters.

Thus, now it became known not only where the sigmoid colon is located, but also its anatomical features. It plays an important role in the activity of the human body.