Sights and history of Tomsk

To study the history of a city is always interesting. After all, the way of life of cities is unique, and you soon begin to think about the purpose of each of them in the life of the country.

Overview

In this article we will talk about the history of Tomsk, about why it has progressively grown and developed over the course of four centuries. It is surprising that this settlement was intended for prisoners and servicemen, but in a short period of time it became more important than many other domestic cities. In 1991, Tomsk was given the status of a historic city, since unique historical buildings, landscapes, etc. were preserved in good condition. The asteroid (4931) was named after this city. The city also named the nuclear submarine K-150 boat Tomsk, part of the Russian Pacific Fleet. Writer A. Volkov admired the greenery and vegetation of the city, that's why the wizard from the fairy tale was from the Emerald City!

The history of Tomsk told us that the city had one more name - Siberian Athens. You already wanted to know why he was called that? Then go ahead!

Foundation of the Tomsk fortress

This amazing ancient Siberian city excites historians and archaeologists even today, but all because in 1604, Tsar Boris issued a decree on the founding of the city in a "strong place by the grace of the Lord ...". The history of the city of Tomsk is more than four centuries old!

Prince Toyan asked for help from the tsar in the defense and defense of his lands. Then the autocrat also came up with the idea of establishing a city near the cape of the Resurrection Mountain near the Tom River. The history of the name of Tomsk is simple: a city is named after the river on whose banks it was founded. At the end of September of the same year, the construction of the fort was completed.

The Tomsk fortress was erected in the "city" technique. At the base the fortress had a quadrangle, with an area of 0.2 hectares. The height of the walls of the jail maximum reached 6.5 meters. There were 4 deaf turrets at the corners. On the northern and opposite, southern sides of the walls were built the carriage towers, their height was 13 and 22 meters. In the site of the ancient settlement there were a cottage, a voivode, various barns and barns, as well as the Trinity Church, founded in 1606.

Here was a small city of Tomsk. The history of the grounds is simple, but it is impossible to overestimate the importance of the city in the fate of the Russian state.

Tomichi continued to strengthen and erect new walls of the ancient settlement. So, in 1609, "in three walls" to the north side of the fortress, another prison was pricked. The total length of its walls was about 604 fathoms and two arshins. Completed two deaf and driveway towers. Now the area of all Tomsk buildings was about 4 hectares. This is the story of the creation of Tomsk does not end.

The next stage of construction

Another prison was built in 1634 on both sides of the Ushayka River, since most of the townspeople lived there. Local people called him "Lower Ostrog". The fire element caught Tomsk unawares in 1639 and 1643. The city is very faded. At this time in Tomsk already lived two thousand people. Of these, more than 700 peasants, townspeople and servicemen.

After the fires in 1652, the townspeople and architects completed the construction of the fortifications of the city.

By the end of the seventeenth century, Tomsk is a wooden fortress enclosed by a palisade, with 7 constructed driveways and deaf towers. The upper jail adjoined the fortress from the north side of the walls, where there was a large driveway tower.

In 1734, GF Miller, a domestic historiographer, arrived in Tomsk. In his diary he writes that the history of the foundation of Tomsk is amazing, its growth admires its pace. He also notes that the fortress is built "on the model of houses made of wood", and on the towers near the gate there is artillery for shooting. There was another tower - the seventh, with cunning. It belonged to the Trinity Church. Behind the fortress was a small prison, in the XVIII century in it languished captive Swedes.

By the end of the XVIII century the city was divided into seven parts. The fortifications of the city were no longer preserved. And in the city itself were:

• 7 churches.
• 1 monastery.
• 237 stores = 3 trading lines.
• 1500 city houses.
• 7,500 inhabitants.

The history of Tomsk, recorded in the annals, says that in 1723 in the city lived about 9 thousand citizens of different estates.

Than lived the city

Tomsk has become a Siberian center in terms of economy, geography and military policy for several reasons. Let's consider them.

Firstly, Tomsk is the center from which the Cossack units came out to reconnoitre around the non-peaceful lands from the Altai mountains, the Yenisei upper reaches to the steppes of Transbaikalia and even the shores of the Pacific Ocean! It was the servicemen of Tomsk who laid the first roads on these Siberian expanses.

Secondly, the first economic basis for the development of the city was farming. It follows that Tomsk belonged to the plow cities of Russia. Soon the town appears and develops a craft. Already in 1626 in the city there were more than 20 artisans. After 30 years, this number is increased by 2.5 times. In another hundred years among the Tomsk citizens there are more than 380 artisans of various specialties. Among them were professional masters: icons, bronzes, watchmakers, etc. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, as evidenced by the history of the city of Tomsk, the smelting of iron from ore commences on an industrial scale. Wood processing and carpentry have reached high peaks. Tomsk architecture is a confirmation of this. The history of Tomsk buildings will be examined later.

Thirdly, the city very early and quickly became the largest shopping center, since it was founded in the neighborhood with the southern Siberian regions. Tomsk is the center of the transit movement of the peoples of Siberia.

Educational institutions

In the Siberian region, Tomsk has been in the lead in the ranking by the number of educational institutions for 100 years. Already in 1878 the first Imperial University in Russia outside the Urals was opened in this city.

University named after VV Kuibyshev is considered to be the oldest university in Siberia and the Far East. The history of Tomsk showed that it was founded in 1880. Several years later, the medical and law faculties opened in the institution. In addition, the pedagogical and medical institutes have been established on the basis of the Tomsk State University.

In 1976 in TSU faculties on directions were opened:

• physical;
• Radiophysical;
• Mechanical and mathematical;
• Physical and technical;
• Geological and geographic;
• Applied mathematics;
• chemical;
• Soil-biological;
• legal;
• philological;
• historical;
• economic;
• Advanced training;
• Graduate school;
• Preparatory and correspondence courses.

In the TSU, research institutes were opened in the fields of mechanics and mathematics, biology, and biophysics. There are at the university its botanical garden and many museums:

• mineralogical;
• Paleontological;
• zoological;
• Archeology;
• Ethnography;
• herbarium.

The scientific library contains on its shelves three million volumes.

The hostel for TSU students was built in 1883 completely on the collected donated funds. In the rooms there were furniture and utensils necessary for comfortable living of students. They had a dining room and a library for them. And the order in the hostel was followed by the inspector.

As for the leisure and cultural spheres of the life of the city, then in the 19th century there were opened a philharmonic society, theaters and museums.

Some statistics

The opening of the Tomsk State University has significantly affected the standard of living - it has improved qualitatively. This is not surprising, since 100 years after the opening of the university, almost 2,000 teachers, teachers and researchers were documented, of which about 70 professors and doctors of various sciences, about 450 associate professors and candidates, and the number of students exceeded 8,000.

The exterior of the city

The history of the houses of Tomsk says that the wooden and architectural architecture of that era possessed not only strictness, but also picturesque forms, attractive facades, good quality and amazing carved decor.

Today, a lot of buildings have been preserved, which will show the guests of the city a look of two centuries ago. The church of the Resurrection, made in the baroque style, is very beautiful. The Gostiny Dvor on the Piazza Square, made of stone, also looks amazing. There are buildings made in the manner of classicism:

• The Magistrate (1802-1812).
• Attendance places (1830-1842 gg.).
• Exchange complex (1854-1854 gg.).
• The first building of the TSU (1880-1885 gg.).

Abundant greenery, preserved forest plots, a lot of stone and wooden buildings with unique carvings are the features that distinguish the streets of Tomsk. History shows us in the city a unique wooden architecture, but, unfortunately, a large number of wooden buildings were destroyed by numerous fires. And today, buying a country house, Tomsk people decorate its windows and doors with wooden carvings, they diligently preserve the traditions of the Siberian outback. Villagers also decorate their homes in the suburbs of Tomsk.

Where to go

Institution	Address	Features
Local History Museum	Prospekt Frunze, D 2	It was founded in March 1922 in the house of Tomsk gold miner I. D. Astashev. Assistance in the formation of the exhibition and exhibits of the museum was provided by the Tretyakov Gallery and the Rumyantsev Museum
Museum of Wooden Architecture	Prospect Kirov, D 7	The museum is located in the building-monument of Russian architecture of federal significance. The house is built of logs, the decoration is made in the Art Nouveau style. The museum's exhibition is on the second floor and even in the attic. The fund has about 200 exhibits, and 300 objects are stored there temporarily
Monument of Happiness	Shevchenko Street, 19	Sculpture in the form of a wolf has another name - "I'll sing it right now." It was opened not so long ago, in 2005. The wolf represents happiness, according to the author of the project Leontia Usov
Monument to the ruble	Area Novo-Cathedral	The weight of the wooden coin is about 250 kg. Such a donation from pine is executed. First, from the destruction of moisture, it was covered with a special solution, but later "packed" in a special plastic transparent box
Museum of History Of the city of Tomsk	Bakunin Street, 3	The museum was opened for visitors relatively recently, in 2003. The exhibition is called "The First Century of Tomsk"
The Epiphany Cathedral	Lenin Square, 8	One of the oldest cathedrals of Tomsk. Built in 1630
Planetarium	Prospect Lenina, 82, building 1	On the basis of TSU
Theater "Skomorokh" Behalf of R. Vindermann	Area of Salt, 4	The theater opened its doors to visitors in the 40s of the 20th century. This place is great to visit with young children, as all performances are conducted with the participation of dolls
Museum of Slavic Mythology	Zagornaya Street, 12	The largest museum in the Urals. The exhibition features unique exhibits. Easel painting, graphics - all this is based on our mythology, as well as on the motives of Russian folk tales. Ancient Russia comes to life in the eyes of museum visitors

What else deserves the attention of the guests of the city

Since Tomsk is an ancient Siberian city, there are many historical buildings. Today they have a museum, banks, administrative services. There are many Orthodox churches in the city, there is a church and even a mosque. Today, on the lands of Tomsk fortress once worked five universities, actors play on the stage of the drama theater. A huge number of unique and funny monuments adorn the streets of the city. But outside the city there are attractions that are no less interesting and significant!

So, for example, at the top of the river Basandayki, about 15 springs with wonderful healing water are beating. Three keys townspeople called as "Talovsky bowls." Such a figurative name they received from the lime salt, which they contain. Going to the surface of the river, the components form an oval wall, and it darkens because of the content of manganese oxide. The largest bowl has the parameters:

• Wall thickness - 30 cm;
• Height - 1 meter;
• Length - 4 meters.

They say that Talovsky water is not only healing, but also pleasant to the taste. The fact that under the severe winter conditions these keys do not freeze is never surprising.

Tomsk nature is rich in unique monuments that deserve no less attention than the temple or the Gostiny Dvor.

Conclusion

The history of Tomsk is rich in events and facts. This city is growing rapidly and developing. For 4 centuries it has reached that many cities could not realize for a thousand years.

The city has created and developed a diverse infrastructure. Today the main problem is to preserve and modernize it. In addition, Tomsk has another concern - the preservation of the historical person, the creative ambitions of the Siberian Athens - historical cultural center. A large number of measures have been taken, but there is still much to be done by the authorities.

The history of Tomsk briefly and visually demonstrates to the guests of the city its greatness, success and progress.

Tourists who visited Tomsk, say that you can not help falling in love with this city. They saw it clean and well-groomed. It is noticed that drivers are polite to pedestrians. Women described it as a cozy and pleasant town. Men really like the Museum of Tomsk Beer. Despite the fact that the city is considered old, there are a lot of young people in it who study at state universities and colleges.

You can get to this cozy and ancient city by plane, train, bus and, of course, by car. From Novosibirsk, let it be short: 250 km - and you're there.