Satellite towns. The satellite city of Bangkok. The satellite towns of Minsk

If people ask what associations they call the word "companion", most of them will start telling about planets, space and the Moon. Few people know that this concept takes place in the urban sphere. Satellite towns are a special kind of settlements. As a rule, this is a city, a city-type settlement (PGT) or a village located 30 km from the center, factories, plants or nuclear power plants. If a large settlement has a sufficient number of satellites, they combine into an agglomeration.

The decision to start construction of similar cities takes local government, sometimes state authorities. With the passage of a certain period of time, they "merge" with the center and become one with it.

Key Features

All satellite cities have close enough ties with the "main" city. There is a constant migration due to work, study, work. All the satellite cities affect the large settlement in the same way as it does on them.

Georbanistics studies settlements, their functional capabilities, etc. Scientists working in this field determine that satellites are all cities and villages that are strongly dependent on the center. That is why their lists are constantly growing, regardless of the official number. The Moscow agglomeration can be a vivid example. On paper, Moscow is the owner of one dependent city (Zelenograd), and in fact it has more than 16 satellites. The same situation with Peter. Its official satellite city is Southern, although in reality there are several.

Satellite towns in Russia

At the time when there were agglomerations, in the Russian Federation the number of people in small towns increased. The only exception was Peter (also St. Petersburg) because it was built almost at the same time with residences, fortresses and special industrial centers.

"Fashion" on satellite cities appeared in the XX century. Due to their existence, problems related to the social sphere, economic and town-planning were solved.

Despite the fact that most of the small settlements were erected relatively recently, the leading place remains behind the villages, which eventually turned into a city park. Basically, all major cities in Russia have territories that are subordinate to one or another center. Only Khabarovsk, Omsk, Kurgan, Tyumen and some others are deprived of their subordinate territories.

In addition to classification by area, there are satellite cities that are distinguished by scientific and intellectual development. They are united in one group - "science cities".

Specialization

The main role of satellites is to contribute to various areas of the state. All of them by economic specialization are divided into certain groups:

• Resort;
• Residential (called "sleeping area");
• Industrial (for example, Novovoronezh);
• Transport (Lipetsk, Saransk);
• Trading;
• Student;
• Financial;
• military;
• Historical.

In addition to this classification, satellites are also divided into:

• Classroom. Formed because of the desire of the population to leave the contaminated city and settle in their own home. This is mainly true of an elite society. At the moment there is a sufficient number of closed cottage settlements.
• Racial and ethnic. Due to the development of racism and all subsequent problems, certain races come together in one village. The lion's share of "immigrants" is occupied by Asians and Hispanics. In the United States, there are special areas for "white" and "black" people. With this kind of division, the Moscow agglomeration has started to collide with recently.

Satellite city of the nuclear power plant

At nuclear power plants, satellite cities can also exist. As a result of the fact that the process of building a station is laborious enough, and the construction of nuclear power plants is beginning at the very last stage, first build a town of builders.

Those settlements that are built under nuclear power plants are distinguished by the availability of labor resources, electric power, economy and design. If we compare the adjacent to the centers of the city with the satellite cities of the NPP, the latter have advantages in the form of high-rise buildings, asphalted roads.

The satellite city (Penza)

The project "Sputnik" is a huge residential complex, which entered the TOP of the best Russian buildings. The construction is planned to be completed by 2016. Here will live 7 thousand people, for them erected kindergartens, schools, shops, hospitals and various entertainment centers.

The territory of the block captures the south-western part of Penza and the adjacent land. It will be washed by an artificially created lake and the river of Sura. The embankment will be equipped with a recreation area on which playgrounds will be installed and a beautiful descent to the pond will be installed.

The satellite city (Penza for which it will be the center) will be divided into 12 "microdistricts". Their size is 400 by 600 meters. Some houses will be executed in the palace style. The first floors in them are bought for cafes, restaurants, clubs, shops and other entertainment centers. On the second line there will be two-storey houses, which will be adjacent to small lawns and plots of land. The courtyard will become a protected area. The third line includes multi-storey houses (from 9 to 25 floors). It is planned to erect six schools, five kindergartens, garages, sports grounds.

Thonburi

Thonburi is the capital of Thailand. In addition, he is a former satellite city of Bangkok. In 1971, it existed on its own, was the center of a provincial district. During the reign of Thaksin 10 years was the capital of Siam. In the history of his state became famous because he was a city that protected the mouth of the water stream. In 1765, there was a battle for territory with the Burmese, which ended in victory. For several years Thonburi became the capital of Bangkok. This decision was taken by King Thaksin.

Subsequently, this city became a satellite of a major center of the state, but after a while joined with it and became one. It borders on all sides with several districts. It is washed by the river.

The satellite towns of Minsk

Initially, a mass construction of satellite towns of Minsk was planned in Belarus. However, very quickly abandoned this idea and decided to erect only one - Rulensk.

It should have appeared already in early 2015, when they approved the plan for the creation of the Minsk agglomeration. By the end of the year it was supposed to be approved by the authorities, but in reality everything turned out to be much more complicated.

The first reason why the idea was abandoned was the untreated land and contaminated sewerage. Without a preliminary cleaning, it is impossible to build a settlement. Places ideal for building, unfortunately, are too far from the city, so few residents agree to exchange an apartment in Minsk for an hour driving outside the city.

It is Rudensk suitable for all conditions for obtaining the status of "satellite city". There is also a thermal power station, the energy of which is not spent in full scale. It is enough to maintain a 100-thousand-people settlement. The only downside is the old water supply system.

A further problem with the development was the lack of funds. The allocated money is barely enough to fix the current infrastructure.

Moscow agglomeration

Moscow agglomeration takes place in the top twenty among the largest in the world. For all of its existence, it has greatly increased in size. The satellite towns of Moscow are becoming more numerous over the years, and the entire region is also officially part of the district.

Several suburban belts belong to Moscow. The first of them consists of settlements located 15 km from the Moscow Ring Road. This list includes 17 cities and several townships.

To the Moscow agglomeration include small cities and large, among them there are even those who have a population of more than 100 thousand people. The exact number of people is difficult to name, but this figure fluctuates around 17 million inhabitants.

Until now, the territory of the satellite cities is expanding, extensions are being made, new constructions are beginning. In addition, new subordinate cities appear. At the moment, a new satellite is being formed between Domodedovo and Moscow. Now the agglomeration is engaged in the development of its financial sector, the field of education, culture, science. All this makes it possible to get out to this area among the leaders among other satellite cities, which are mainly engaged in industry.

The southern city is a satellite of Petersburg

The satellite cities of St. Petersburg have a huge influence both on their own center and on the country itself. Officially recognized is the South. It has a complex ecological situation, but if the government takes up this issue on time, the city will have only a positive impact on nearby Petersburg.

Among other housing projects, the city of South is the most popular and large. Its construction affects the overall life of the Pushkin district, which is why a sufficient number of people observe the construction process. Many were against the construction of the satellite, as in its territory is located Kondakopshinsky forest - the only massif that remained in the area.

On the satellite city of Southern, the local government and the government of the state have high hopes. After all, in its functionality and appearance, it must correspond to its great center - St. Petersburg.