Safety in the physics room: instructions and rules

At school, children constantly hear about safety precautions. In physical education classes they are obliged to follow certain rules so that during a violent game they will not damage each other; On labor training they are threatened with scissors, needles, machine tools, hammers and other tools; In the case of chemistry, the danger comes from reagents diluted, of course, but if they get on the skin, it will not be pleasant; Even in biology classes there are strict instructions about the use of scalpels and microscopes. All these prescriptions set as their goal the care of the life and health of the students. But still in the above list is missing one thing. Many people know that there is a safety technique in the physics room, yet experiments with weights, electrical circuits, calorimeters and other physical devices are by no means a safe exercise. What are the rules of conduct in the office, where the most amazing experiments are taking place?

Instructions for coaching

Before moving to specific rules, I want to note that every student at the beginning and middle of the academic year is required to undergo safety instruction in the physics room. Yes, most teachers think this is a waste of time: before every lab, they still repeat all the rules, but at the same time, in the first, introductory lesson, you can introduce some general behavioral restrictions, such as the ban on rough games in the office where Equipment, or prohibit the use of devices without teacher control. And then for each section of the material to give new and new rules, based on the subjects used in the learning process: it is understandable in fact that what is said about electricity will be completely irrelevant in matters of optics.

After the instruction, the students receive a safety journal in the physics room, where they sign their name, confirming that they are familiar with all the instructions.

General rules

The safety rules in the physics room must necessarily be presented either in printed form or in the form of colorful information stands - any student should be able to read them at any desired time. Also I would like to mention the obligatory presence of the first aid kit in the classroom (situations are different, so it may be necessary to provide the teacher with first aid) and a fire extinguisher (better powder, which does not provoke further short circuits when working with electrical appliances). Yes, in most cases none of these items are used, but ready to be better for everything. An obligatory rule is the hair gathered in the tail of girls - they can not only interfere with work, but also cause serious injuries due to falling into moving parts of cars, fire and other emergencies.

Working with laboratory utensils

So, let's move on to specific instructions. Let's start with working with laboratory glassware - test tubes, beakers and various flasks. The safety in the physics lab obliges to use only such containers, the edges in which are melted, the diameter of the tubes with which these vessels communicate , should be selected with allowance for the neck of the beakers. In addition, before you start, you need to make sure that the presented dishes do not have cracks and chips (this is usually done by the lab technician, but once again it will not hurt to make sure).

When heating it is necessary to use tripods or holders to avoid burns, in no case should the tube be directed to itself, in addition, it must be ensured that there is not a sharp temperature drop (fill the flask immediately above the burner without preheating it beforehand ) - this can lead to rupture of the vessel. You can not touch the already heated vessels or blood vessels with a hot liquid - burns have not been canceled. If during the experiment, however, there was a nuisance, and a certain capacity broke, the glass is collected by a broom and scoop, you do not have to climb into the fragments with your hands.

Using an Alcohol Tester

Here it is worth noting the rules of working with an alcohol lamp - you can not light one spirit from another, you only need to extinguish it with a cap, in no case by blowing, and, naturally, ignition of clothes and hair should be avoided.

When working with a spirit lamp, as already mentioned above, you need to use special holders and tripods.

Work with electrical appliances

The next section, the study of which can be associated with injuries - electricity. It is worth noting that the safety in the physics room provides most of the prescriptions for him. The most important rule is to never start a job without a teacher, all manipulations must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. During the experiment it is necessary to take into account the permissible rotational speed and power of the devices - otherwise, it is possible to injure the equipment. Do not bend over to rotating and moving parts of machines to prevent the possibility of ingress of hair or clothing elements inside them.

Electrical circuits

To conduct laboratory studies on the study of electrical circuits, conductors with reliable insulation should be used. It is better to avoid the intersections of the wires - in case of an emergency, the precious time can be spent looking for the necessary conductor. The current source is connected to the system last. Even if the voltage is not turned on, do not touch bare wires. When carrying out any manipulations with the chain (adding links or changing the order of connection) the student is obliged to turn it off. The current in the circuit starts only after checking the correctness of all connections by the teacher. The safety instructions in the physics room also prohibit leaving the electric circuit in the switched-on state unattended.

In order to verify whether there is a current in the circuit, you should use measuring instruments, touch the circuit itself is prohibited in any case. In the event of an emergency: a malfunction in the operation of the appliances, overheating, the appearance of the smell of burning or the melting of plastic, the source of the current should immediately be disconnected and the situation reported to the instructor.

Experiments with electrolytes

Safety in the physics room at the school also includes experiments on working with electrolytes. Before the crime to the experiment, the copper rods are cleaned of various contaminants and oxide films. A new electrolyte solution should be poured a day before the experiment.

Conical plugs of electrodes should be in a solution, only after that all contacts are closed by a wire. If the electrolyte hits the rest of the equipment, furniture should be washed off with water, if the solution is on the skin - rinse with warm water and soap.

Study Tours

When studying one of the most fascinating subjects, it is worth remembering that the safety precautions in the physics room do not end - you should follow certain rules of conduct and when excursions that teachers can organize for pupils. Teachers should ensure that the location of this excursion is completely safe for students, all details of the visit must be agreed with the administration of the enterprise, which provides an opportunity to see the application of knowledge already known in laboratory practice in practice.

Before the beginning, the students become acquainted with the rules of conduct, if necessary, put on protective equipment and leave in a specified place devices, which for some reason are prohibited at the site of the excursion (for example, mobile phones). Naturally, any manipulations with the objects displayed during the tour are prohibited without the permission of the instructor and the guide, on which lies the entire responsibility for the life and health of the children. All objects representing a hazard (repaired installations, customized equipment) should be fenced and provided with warning signs. When the tour is over, the teacher checks the availability of students on the list.

Conclusion

Safety in the physics room for students is not a meaningless prescription. Following the rules ensures the safety of students during the experiments and guarantees the success of the experiment. Some labs are conducted by the teacher in a demonstration mode, but in this case both the instructor himself and the students are obliged to adhere to these prescriptions. Safety in the physics room is an indispensable condition for the successful conduct of laboratory exercises.