Pridatochnoe definitive and other phenomena of Russian syntax

The syntax of the Russian language brings to many, its students, fear and trembling, and in vain. There is nothing complicated: an adverbial determinative, an allied word, introductory constructions-names that are incomprehensible only at first glance. So let's deal with it.

Although, in principle, the order of words in sentences in the Russian language is free, basically sentences are built according to the SVO principle or the subject (the actor, subject), then the verb (predicate), then the object (direct addition). An example is "I'm going for a walk on the street" - the normative construction of a proposal for the Russian language.

Another order of words is usually used to add some meaning - ironic, for example.

Complex sentences are of two types: compound and compound.

The former are divided according to the kind of unions they join - the connecting ones (they include, and in the meaning of "and", neither ... nor, as ... so, also, yes and), separative (or, or, then ... that, then Whether ... whether, not that ... not that) and adversive (but, but, in the meaning of "but", however).

Simple sentences as part of compound words are separated by commas (for example: "A complex sentence with subordinate qualitative clauses does not yet frighten me, and more horrifies the prospect of explaining to children what it is").

Before the opposing and separative unions, a comma is always put.

Complicated subordinates are divided into subordinate determinative, explanatory and circumstantial. They differ in the kind of unions they join. A complex sentence with a subordinate qualitative consists of a simple sentence and attached to it with the help of conjunctions or allied words of the adjective qualitative.

The adverbative exegete spreads the predicate (verbs of speech, perception, feelings) with its content and answers the questions: "what?", "What?", "Where?" And joins with the help of: that, that, as if.

Pridatichnoe definitive answers the question "what?" And joins with the help of: which, which, whose, who, what, where.

There are many adjunctive circumstantial things, and they differ in the same way as circumstances: there are subordinate circumstantial modes of action, places, times, conditions, causes, goals, comparisons, concessions.

A complex subordinate clause with an adverbial attributive clause that relates to the members of a sentence, defining and specifying its attributes, can often be found in the description of the landscape.

It is important to remember that only completely independent sentences are separated by commas, with the subject and predicate, and not the homogeneous members, united by the union (in the union-free sentence , homogeneous terms are also separated). Exceptions to this rule are sentences in which there is some common element (the circumstance of time or place relating to both sentences, for example) - in such cases a comma is not needed. For example: "In the old forest, smelling of the mustiness, frogs lived and crouching serpents crawled under the rocks." "In the forest" for the first and second sentence is a circumstance of place, a comma is not needed.

So, now it is briefly that it is necessary to remember about subordinate clauses:

- compounded subordinate clauses are classified by the form of unions that connect them: connecting, separating and adversive;

- compound subordinate clauses are of three types: subordinate determinative, explanatory and circumstantial; Before the union or the union word that introduces the subordinate (which, what, where, though, why, etc.), a comma is put;

-complete simple sentences in complex are separated by commas (exceptions are sentences with a common element).