Plastering works. Technology of plastering. Plaster mixes for outdoor works

Internal repair of a house or apartment is a complicated and very expensive procedure. Not surprisingly, many seek to do it on their own, without recruiting hired specialists for the work. Especially it concerns the plastering and laying of tiles, because it is not easy to find good masters of this matter, while others ask for their services simply indecent sums.

Today we will discuss how the plastering works are carried out. If to adapt, then you will surely learn this.

What do you need?

At once we will notice that for performance of work on plastering of internal or external surfaces to you in any case it is required considerable quantity of enough specific skills. If they are not there, then something worthwhile will hardly come out. However, if you take seriously the preparation, then the plastering works will certainly be finished on time and qualitatively.

What are the plaster mixtures and what are they used for?

Contrary to popular belief, plaster can be used not only to level the walls. Depending on the properties and purpose, the plaster mixes are divided into several types. Let's consider them.

• Ordinary mixtures are just used, leveling the walls and other internal surfaces.
• Decorative compounds are used when the treated surface needs to be given a specific kind.
• Special mixtures. This plaster has some special qualities. For example, increased waterproofing ability.

In addition, the compositions are divided according to their basis: gypsum and cement. Consider the implementation of plastering more.

What are the stages of the plaster application?

• First, the surface is carefully prepared: old plaster, dirt and paint residues are removed.
• Beacons are put on, a special plaster grid is attached.
• Apply a layer of plaster directly.
• The applied material is leveled.
• Preset beacons are dismantled.
• The surface is carefully leveled, the discovered defects are eliminated.

Since in the building and premises plastering works are performed using several other technologies, in the article we will consider both of them. Just note that there are not so many special differences between them, if you do not take into account the increased requirements for interior decoration.

What tools are required to perform the work?

So you have learned about all the main stages, of which the plastering works. Tools for this need the simplest. For the application of plaster, you can use a bucket, trowel or poluterkom. Of course, you will need a building level, a hammer and other tools, with which you will eliminate the uneven walls found.

Technology of facade works

Consider external plastering works. If you are going to plaster the facade, then before that you should completely complete all construction work. The reason is simple: if after that you start to dismantle something, then necessarily damage the layer of plaster, with such difficulty laid down the day before. Houses of logs and logs can not be processed in any way, because the tree in any case will give a draft. Of course, this leads to deformation and destruction of the upper decorative coating layer.

If you so need to conduct a plastering of a house made of wood, you will have to make a quality crate. In the case when the mixture is applied to it, such serious deformations are no longer occurring.

Unlike buildings from solid wood, panel houses can be finished immediately after installation. The same applies to brick and foam blocks. If the wall of the house is old, then it is necessary to process it, eliminating all those areas where crumbling and shearing of its material is observed. All major defects or shear, or fill with a cement-sand mortar, fixing the structure for reliability with a metal mesh.

Here is a classic technology of plastering.

Preparation for work

As we have already said, all the rushes and other unevennesses are eliminated as thoroughly as possible. It is necessary to wait until the cement mixture, which was fixed by defects, completely hardens. After that, the wall is treated with compressed air, removing it from dust. Then the surface is sprayed with water, priming is carried out. Humidification is extremely necessary because in this case the primer will stick to the surface to be treated much better, since the moisture from it will not go right away to the wall.

If we are talking about a foam block, then such a wall should be primed without fail, as otherwise the plaster from it will simply fall off. This is certainly stipulated by the technology of plastering. The fact is that even a fresh foam block intensively draws water, and already aged - even more so.

If you do not have a primer, you can do it easier. Dilute the plaster mixture to the state of liquid "milk", then treat with this composition the foam block.

Beacons and mounting mesh

First, a carefully prepared wall is suspended, and afterwards vertical beacons are posted on the vertical level. Depending on the curvature of the coating and the thickness of the plaster, use devices of thickness 6-10 millimeters. In some cases, bezel strips, previously leveled by means of a level, may be used as beacons. Of course, in this case the plastering works become much easier.

If there is such a need, then you can mount and mounting mesh. Only after this can be applied directly. Since we are talking about repairing the house, you will almost certainly apply the composition manually. This work is extremely time-consuming, so prepare in advance forests and other supporting structures that will protect you from falls and injuries.

Some Important Tips

Without a mounting mesh, it is by no means possible to apply a layer more than 50 millimeters thick. It is used to avoid the formation of deep cracks, which almost always arise due to the slightest irregularities in the initial surface. As soon as the finish layer of the plaster dries, the beacons are removed, after which the traces of them are carefully rubbed. Then the coating is ground round, using special floats. The final processing is done "in dispersal".

Once you have applied the mixture for the plaster, it is leveled with a trowel, gently tracing them from the bottom to the top (guided by the beacons). Important! If you need to apply a thick coat of coating, then in no case can it be done in a single pass. First it is necessary to apply a primary layer of medium thickness and wait for its partial drying. After this comes the time of the final plastering. As a rule, on packing with mixtures there is always a detailed instruction, so we advise you to read it carefully.

Attention! If you have missed the start of drying, and the surface has become too hard and not levelable, you can lightly sprinkle it with water, then continue to work.

What is a grouting for?

If you wipe the defects in a circle, then the surface will still have traces of the tool. When working with wide strokes "in the dispersal" the plaster becomes perfectly even. Note that for the processing of various kinds of columns, arches and other complex architectural forms, special templates are needed, since without them you will inevitably make mistakes that will lead to a deterioration in the quality of work.

How to apply plaster in the interior?

Now consider plastering work inside. As in the previous case, before the beginning of the plastering, it is necessary to complete all the previous construction works as completely as possible. Until the end of the work, the temperature in the room should not fall below 15 degrees Celsius. Of course, that during the period and after the completion of plastering, the redevelopment of rooms, the installation of windows or doors are not allowed. It is also very desirable to mount the wiring before starting work.

The preparation of the walls does not actually differ from that for outdoor works, but there are some differences. They are associated with the increased requirements that are imposed on the finish: on the previously treated wall there should be no defects, cracks or irregularities, since later they can all appear, hopelessly spoiling the appearance of the room.

Finishing bevels and ceilings

Particular attention when working internally should be turned to plastering bevels and ceilings. The slightest irregularities will be perfectly visible in any light. Therefore, work should be conducted on a clear, sunny day, when the light from the sun will pass through the window openings at a right angle.

Begin work from the upper slope, gradually moving to the lower one. Of course, you should always use beacons. Do not forget that the width of the slopes on all windows should be exactly the same, because otherwise the room will look a bit sloppy. The most difficult to plaster the outer corners. In this case, you can not do without a special mesh for such surfaces, since it simultaneously acts as a beacon. It is very difficult to plaster the semicircular slopes, which are still often found in old houses.

When you trim the ceiling, grout first should be conducted against the light, and then in the opposite direction.

Keep in mind that during the drying in the room should maintain a constant temperature: the plaster does not tolerate temperature fluctuations, as it becomes less strong from this.

To create the smoothest possible finish coat, use a quality putty. This is especially true for the bathroom: after completing the plastering work, the surface is treated twice with putty, and each layer must be carefully dried and sanded.

Price of issue

By the way, how much are the plastering works? The cost depends on what composition you use. If we talk about finished mixtures, then the cost of a bag of 30 kg (gypsum base) starts from 400 rubles. A similar mixture bag on cement costs half as much. To say about the cost per square meter is not possible, since the expenditure for each will be strictly individual.

When choosing plasters for outdoor works, give preference to those of them, which are based on cement. Work with them is more difficult (worse adhesion to the surface), but they are much more durable and stronger.

If you resort to the help of professionals, it is worth to familiarize yourself in advance with the price list of the works they provide. In Moscow, for example, prices can be: plastering walls for tiles - 200-250 rubles. For 1 m ² ; Improved plastering of walls - 300-360 rub. / M ² ; Improved plastering of the ceiling 350-400 rub / m ² ; Artistic plaster - from 400 to 650 rubles. For m ² .