Physiology and anatomy of a person. Lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is part of the cardiovascular system that complements it. It performs the most important functions in the human body, and its health is extremely important for its normal functioning. Lymph differs from blood in that it does not flow in a closed circle. Its movement is very slow, because it needs to be stimulated.

Interesting fact! In ancient times, the lymphatic system was considered as the main factor determining the human temperament. Temperament, in turn, determined the groups of diseases to which a person is exposed.

What is the lymphatic system?

As the human anatomy reports , the lymphatic system permeates the entire body. It includes:

• Capillaries;
• Vessels;
• Nodes;
• Lymphatic ducts and trunks;
• Lymphatic organs.

They flow through the liquid connective tissue - lymph, the main composition of which is water, salts, proteins, fats. Its composition is close to the blood plasma that feeds the body. The lymph is colorless. In the human body, it contains from 1 to 2 liters.

How does lymphoma occur?

Lymphogenesis occurs in the following way. In the blood capillaries is the filtration of blood plasma. The liquid remaining as a result of this filtration is transported to the intercellular space. Thus, a tissue fluid is formed, part of which returns to the blood, and the other part passes into the lymphatic capillaries. Her movement largely depends on the contraction of muscles, the position of the human body and its breathing.

That's how it is complex - the human anatomy. Lymphatic system and striation It is thought out by nature to trifles. Consider this component of the human body in more detail.

Structure of the lymphatic system

Lymphatic capillaries are different diameter small tubes, devoid of membranes, which begin blindly. They form compounds by intertwining with each other, passing into postcapillaries, which are larger formations containing valves. These valves push the lymph in one direction, preventing it from moving back.

Attention! The word "lymph circulation" is incorrect, because lymph is a product of the endothelium and interendothelial layers, each time being updated in the body. Doctors call this process a lymphatic drainage.

According to the section of biology called "human anatomy," the lymphatic system also consists of vessels that are formed from post-capillaries. The largest of them repeat the path of veins and arteries and are called collectors. They collect lymph from the largest sources - upper and lower extremities, organs. Subdivided into internal (located near the blood vessels) and external (located in the subcutaneous tissue). Also, the vessels are divided into bringing and enduring (depending on the current of the lymph in relation to the lymph nodes).

From the collectors, lymphatic trunks are formed, which are transformed into ducts.

The lymph nodes

The human lymphatic system (anatomy for a long time did not give this component of our body due attention) also has its "cleaners". Lymph nodes are small formations of round or oval shape, the diameter of which is about 2 cm. They have a pinkish-gray hue. They are located along the lymphatic vessels. In young people, oval-shaped lymph nodes predominate, and in older people they stretch out in length. Their main function is to purify the lymph from toxic substances that enter it. Lymphonoduses play the role of a kind of filter that captures toxins and "releases" already purified lymph.

Lymphatic organs are the spleen, tonsils and thymus (which develops before adolescence). Their main functions are an obstacle to getting and developing an infection in the body.

What functions does the lymphatic system perform in the body?

One of the most complex and intricate sciences is human anatomy. The lymphatic system, the functions of which are very important for the body, is doing a tremendous job.

First of all, it is responsible for the immune response of the body, protecting it from the ingress of bacteria and viruses. That is why, in response to penetration into the body of the pathogen (infection, virus), lymph nodes increase. It is their increase in children that indicates the presence of, say, tuberculosis, although, in addition, lymph nodes increase with many other diseases. The protective function consists of two steps:

• Destruction of bacteria by macrophages;
• Lymphocyte production.

Blood filtration. The spleen destroys erythrocytes and kills all the bacteria and viruses that are found in the blood. Young erythrocytes produce bone marrow. Filtration of lymph. If there are pathogenic microorganisms in the blood, the lymph nodes filter out them. It is for this reason that if a doctor suspects oncology, doctors first check the lymph nodes for metastases. The human lymphatic system (anatomy is briefly considered) in this case indicates how much the disease has spread throughout the body.

The outflow of fluid from the tissue into the blood. Plasma, which is in the blood, seeps through the walls of the vessels into other tissues. It passes through the lymphatic vessels, is purified and returns to the blood. This circulation is continuous.

Diseases of the lymphatic system

According to human anatomy, the lymphatic system is extremely important for the health of the body, and the disruption of its functioning can cause severe complications.

Among the groups of diseases of the lymphatic system, there are:

• Developmental defects;
• Injuries;
• Inflammation;
• Tumor.

One of the first symptoms of these diseases is an increase in lymph nodes and a marked decrease in immunity. Increased sweating and fatigue, the sick worried about the headache, the temperature can rise. Lymphatic edema appears . Diseases of lymph are especially dangerous because toxins are accumulating in the body. That is, a violation of its activities affects all organs and systems of the body.

Methods of treating pathologies of the lymphatic system directly depend on the type of disease. Treatment can be different - from conservative to radiation or surgical methods.

We hope that people who are interested in human anatomy, the lymphatic system (photos showing how complex this component of our body is presented in the article) and its functions, have learned a lot of new and interesting information about this organism environment. How to keep it healthy?

Health of the lymphatic system

First of all, doctors recommend to monitor their health and not to interfere with the work of the digestive tract, as this entails the contamination of the entire body and interferes with the functioning of the lymphatic system. She no longer cope with the flow of toxins. Watch your food.

Twice a year, massage. This procedure effectively disperses the lymph, but especially effective lymph drainage massage, which acts directly on the lymph. If there is no possibility to visit the masseur, in the shower rub the body with a washcloth over the current of the lymph.

Control your weight. Lymph is very sensitive to excess pounds. Lead an active lifestyle and be healthy!