Personal-oriented technologies in the pre-school and school

The upbringing of children is a very important process, as they are future members of society. They need to be prepared to live in it in such a way as to reveal their full potential and potential. In recent years, teachers are increasingly using personal-oriented technology. To apply them begin already with preschool institutions, that repeatedly increases their efficiency.

What is it?

For the first time this term is found in the works of psychologist Carl Rogers. He owns the proof of the theory that for the successful pedagogical and psychotherapeutic activities, in general, the same approach is necessary.

Rogers says that the ability to empathize with another person, accepting his personality without any additional conditions is extremely important for success in these matters. In the domestic pedagogical circles, the term "personality-oriented technologies" is viewed as one of the ways of interaction, in which the teacher provides the most harmonious development of the child's personality and abilities based only on those qualities that are characteristic of a particular person.

A Brief Historical Reference

Long ago, that is, the century in the XVII-XVIII, one landowner lived in Russia. And he was famous for the fact that each of his serfs lived richly, and moreover he was also known as a rare craftsman in some area. Neighbors envied and wondered: where does the master take so many smart, talented people?

One day a local fool was nailed to him. He was no good for anything: he could not really work in the field, he was not trained in crafts. Another would have already waved his wretched hand, but the landlord did not lower his hands, watching this strange man for a long time. And he noticed that the "fool" was able to sit all day, polishing his sleeve with a small piece of glass, bringing it to the state of rock crystal.

Only a year later the former poor was considered the best window washer in all of Moscow, his services were so popular that the former serf, who by that time had long ago bought himself a free, compiled a list of those who wished for almost six months ahead ...

Why did we tell all this? Yes, the thing is that this example is a classic personal-oriented technology "in the field." The landlord knew how to look closely at each person and identify those talents of a person that were inherent in him from the very beginning. In schools and pre-school children's institutions, teachers have exactly the same tasks.

How should the child's identity be considered?

In this doctrine, the personality of the child is a priority subject; It is her development that is the main goal of the entire educational system. In general, for a long time this approach is called anthropocentric. The main thing that a teacher should always remember is that children should have full respect and support in all their creative endeavors. The teacher and the student must work together, jointly achieving the goals set for themselves.

In general, the technology of the personality-oriented approach includes the notion that the education process should be as comfortable for the child as possible, he must call on him only a sense of security and the desire to develop his abilities further.

Simply put, a child should be given as much independence as possible. Having the opportunity to choose, a teenager develops much better, because it does so not under the influence of external factors, but only because of one's own desire and desire to learn.

Main tasks and objectives

What are the rules to follow, "professing" personality-oriented technologies in pedagogical activity? Oh, there are quite a few of them. Let's enumerate them in detail:

• It is necessary to develop and implement individual training programs that are guided by the abilities and talents of each child.
• There should be constructive-imitative games, group dialogues.
• The trainees themselves must directly participate in the creation of the educational material. This greatly stimulates their interest in the topic.

In addition, personal-oriented pedagogical technologies must necessarily take into account the following features:

• Throughout the session you need to assess the psycho-emotional state of your wards.
• Maintaining the highest possible level of motivation.
• Identify the experience of each child on the topic suggested in the lesson. The material should be submitted, focusing on the specific characteristics of each student group.
• When explaining a new, unknown to the child term, you need to accurately bring to it its meaning. Questions "Understood?" And an affirmative nod in response often indicate that neither the teacher nor his ward is interested in the actual mastery of the material.
• An experienced psychologist must work consistently with children, based on the recommendations of which the entire educational process is built. Actually, personal-oriented pedagogical technologies are impossible without the close work of psychologists with each class.
• In the classroom, the practice of group, pair or individual work should be widely used, refusing to go to the class in a "frontal" way.
• Do not forget about the different level of perception of boys and girls. Simply put, the work must necessarily take into account the gender aspect. This technology of personality-oriented education is fundamentally different from many teaching methods that are used in modern schools.
• Each topic should be discussed using various didactic techniques. This allows the child to better learn and fix the material in memory.
• It is necessary to use a scheme of self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of the learning of the material by each trainee.
• It is necessary to organize the educational process in such a way that the children will have confidence in their abilities and abilities.
• Obligatory reflection at the end of each lesson: the students repeat that they have learned, tell the teacher about all the points that interested them.

Classification of the concept

Why do you think the term "personality-oriented technologies" is used in education? More precisely, why is this term spoken in the plural? It's simple. This is actually technology, there are several. In the form of a table, we will not only describe them, but also give a brief but exhaustive description of each variety. So, what are their types? Personally-oriented technologies are divided into six main categories, which are described below.

The main options for the learning process

Modern teachers, using the technology of personality-oriented interaction, identify four main variants of this very interaction. Each of them should "try on yourself," since not every teacher can work equally effectively in all four areas.

Humane-personal approach to the child

In the center of the educational program in this case there should be a set of personal qualities of each of the children you teach. The school here has only one specific goal - to awaken the slumbering inner forces and talents of the ward, to apply them for the harmonious development of the young personality. In this approach, the following ideas prevail:

• Personality is put "at the head of the corner." It is on its characteristics that the characteristics of the entire educational process depend. Thus, the person-oriented technologies in the school assume the maximum friendliness of the learning process to the student himself.
• Pedagogical relations with students should be as democratic as possible. The teacher and the student are equal partners, not the leader and the slave.
• Say "No" to direct coercion as a method that often does not have a real positive effect in the long run.
• An individual approach is not only welcomed, but is also the main method used in training.
• In addition, personal-oriented technologies (Yakimanskaya in particular) provide for the need to explain to the child the concepts of "personality", "personal freedom".

Didactic activating and developing complex

The main question: what and how to teach students? In this case, the very content of the curriculum is only a means for the dynamic and harmonious development of the personality of the ward, and not as the only goal of the school. Positive stimulation of pupils is widely used. It is necessary to introduce teaching methods that directly stimulate children to learn something new.

Improvement of the educational process should be carried out on the basis of didactic ideas, which are described in the works of R. Steiner, V. F. Shatalov, S. N. Lysenkova, P. M. Erdnev, and other specialists, which today are universally recognized "meters" of didactic Method.

The concept of education

In this case, personal-oriented educational technologies reflect the main trends common in the modern school:

• The school should be not only a source of knowledge, but also a means of educating the younger generation. In principle, this was well known to Soviet teachers, but today for some reason this is constantly forgotten about this important function.
• As in all past examples, the personality of the schoolboy needs to be focused on.
• The orientation of education should be humanistic, in adolescents should educate the human ideas of humanism, compassion.
• It is extremely important to develop the creative abilities of each child without exception.
• In schools of regional centers, it is necessary to pay special attention to the revival of national traditions and customs of small peoples, whose representatives live there.
• Collective education should be combined with an individual approach.
• Goals should be set from simple tasks to complex ones, adequately assessing the abilities of each particular student.

Environmental pedagogy

Historically, it was the school that became almost the most important social institution, the value of which is difficult to overestimate. Along with the family and the social environment, it is the most important factor that predetermines the further development of the individual.

The results of this formation are determined by a combination of all three factors. Here we come to the meaning of this method, which, again, has long been used by experienced domestic educators. It is about the extreme importance of interaction with parents and public organizations, as this will create the most favorable environment for the formation of the child's personal qualities.

Peculiarities of work in the PIC

As we already noted, personal-oriented technologies are used in the DOW as well. Of course, in this case there are specific features that must be taken into account in the process of work.

Today, the high technologies that are prevalent in every layer of modern society are of paramount importance. The teacher's task is to use the opportunities of interactive educational technologies even in kindergarten. This will immediately interest the kids, give them an incentive to explore the subject themselves.

Fundamentally important is the position of the child in the educational process. The educator should adhere to a simple belief: "Not near, not over him, but together!" The goal of this approach is to contribute in every way to the harmonious development of a self-sufficient person, self-reliant, free from complexes that greatly interfere with the passage of a normal educational process.

The main task of the educator in the kindergarten is the formation of a research type of thinking in the child, the ability for independent, conscious and effective study of the world around him. It should be remembered that the main method of teaching work should be the technology of solving some practical problems in an easy, playful form. You must offer children some task that can be solved by carrying out interesting and fascinating experiments.

Basic methods of work in kindergarten

What methods and methods should be followed? Let's list them in detail:

• Conversations of "heuristic type", during which children in practice can see the correctness of the material told by the teacher.
• Solving all emerging issues of a problem nature "on the go", without delay. Otherwise, the child may lose interest in studying subjects.
• Constant observation of the surrounding world.
• Simulation of processes that constantly occur in living nature.
• The setting of similar experiments.
• All the results of experiments and experiments must be recorded in the form of colorful, detailed drawings.
• If possible, it is necessary to bring quality handouts to class , to include recordings of sounds of wildlife.
• The teacher should offer the trainees to imitate these sounds by conducting thematic games.
• The emphasis in the descriptions should be made on the development of an artistic word, which allows you to accurately and beautifully express your thoughts, do not stammer. This is how the right diction develops, which is surely useful to man and in all subsequent periods of his life.
• The setting of realistic situations that involve their resolution by creative methods.
• Various workouts.

So we examined what proper use of personality-oriented technologies in modern educational institutions and kindergartens should be characterized.