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Peristaltic pump: types and description. How to make a peristaltic pump with your own hands?

Modern engineering has reached certain heights. Constantly developing all new and new technical products that simplify or optimize this or that process. In this article, we will talk about pumping devices, in particular, what a peristaltic pump is. The product is quite interesting and is now necessary. Let's talk about everything in order and understand with his purpose, the principle of work and other interesting moments.

General information

The peristaltic pump is necessary for the transfer of various liquids that travel along curved tubes. In short, the essence of the device can be described as follows: there are special rollers that squeeze the tube in a certain place. Moving along it, they push the liquid toward the destination. The whole design consists of a small number of elements: a flexible hose or tube, rollers and track (clamping surface). Although it is often possible to meet models that do not have a clamping surface. The track can not be used if you create the proper tension of the tube around the roller. Despite such a simple design, it's quite difficult to make such a pump on your own. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to comply with a number of requirements related to working with viscous liquids, but this we will talk about a little later.

More in detail about a principle of work

We have already sorted out a little about what a peristaltic pump is. It is worthwhile to draw your attention to the fact that this device is often used not because of its expediency, but because there is no other way out. So, a peristaltic dosing pump is often used. It is easy to guess that the main function of such an aggregate is to supply liquid to the working node of any equipment in measured quantities.

It is on the peristaltic principle that the work of the intestine, both human and animal, is based. The key difference is that in the living body there is a contraction of the muscles, which creates pressure of the walls on the liquid. In the case of the pump, the movement is provided by special rollers. They push the viscous substance in the course of its movement in certain portions. By the way, the peristaltic pump dispenser has a very narrow scope.

A little more about the design of the product

As noted above, a volumetric pump can be manufactured at home. But to do it is not so simple, despite the elementary construction. In particular, because you need special tubes for peristaltic pumps, as well as rollers. The working hose is desirable to bend into a C-shaped shape, which will effectively place the rollers. The latter are mounted on a rotating rotor, which gives them motion at a given speed. When the roller rotates, it presses the hose against the body, squeezing the liquid. Accordingly, a second vane creates a vacuum. After the end of the cycle (full circle), the shape of the tube is restored to its original state. To simplify the design and not use a non-return valve, the peristaltic pump is equipped with two rollers that do not allow the liquid to go in the opposite direction.

About the scope of application

As noted above, the peristaltic dosing pump is not used as often. A narrow scope of application is due to the material of the walls of the tubes, which must be flexible. This does not allow you to distill hot liquids. Usually the maximum operating temperature should not be more than 90 degrees Celsius. That is why such pumps are very rarely used in the organization of individual heating. In fact, it is necessary to additionally install sensors for monitoring the temperature of the medium.

As for pressure, then there are some limitations. This parameter should not exceed 16 Bar. A key feature is that during pumping, the liquid does not come into contact with mechanical devices and metal surfaces. Therefore, pumps of this type are used where it is extremely important to maintain the purity of viscous matter. In addition, the equipment is effective when working in an aggressive environment. The scope of use is usually limited to the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

On the advantages of peristaltic pumps

One of the main strengths is that such equipment can be used as dispensers. This is due to the fact that for each turn the roller pumps a fixed amount of liquid. In addition, the liquid only contacts the inner surface of the hose. This allows the use of pumps in medicine and the food industry. But it is worthwhile to understand that hoses for peristaltic pumps must be of a certain material (non-toxic).

Another strong point of such pumps is that, due to the absence of vortices, the structure of the liquid does not change. Often the pumped substance contains in its composition abrasive particles. Some pumps can not overtake such substances, and for equipment of this type this is not a problem. Also it must be noted that nothing will happen to a peristaltic pump if it runs dry, that is, if there is no liquid in the hoses.

Types of pumps

There are monoblock devices. They represent a single structure, enclosed in a hull. There the engine, reducer, and also adjustment units are located. The solution is good because the pump does not take up much space, but its maintenance is somewhat difficult.

There are also modular constructions. It is easy to guess that such peristaltic hose pumps consist of several parts. They take up more space, but they are much easier to repair, because to replace a particular assembly it is not necessary to disassemble the entire pump.

In addition, peristaltic pumps are classified according to the number of rollers. The more of them, the more uniform the movement of the liquid. The maximum number of videos - 8 pieces. At the same time, the price for such equipment is quite high. But if you need to ensure an accurate dosage, then a pump with a large number of rollers is needed.

Peristaltic pump by one's own hands

At the first stage, it is necessary to select the correct tube. Although if for you the purity of pumped liquid does not matter, then everything is not so bad. But do not forget that the performance depends on the inner diameter of the hose. Often used such materials: bioprene and marprene, as well as silicone and neoprene. Hoses can be made continuous or with fasteners, which allow them to be fixed motionless.

Next, you can collect the peristaltic pump yourself. We use rollers of the necessary diameter, which will have to be bought in the store. Drive them better by using an electric motor through a shaft or belt drive. Around the rollers pull the tube and mount the whole thing in the body. One end of the hose is placed in a container from which liquid is taken, and the second - to the destination. Pay attention to the fact that during use rollers evenly dispense liquid, if, of course, this is important. In principle, there is nothing complicated. The main thing is to build a quality pump that will satisfy its performance characteristics. As an engine you can use a small electric motor. It is very important to consider the diameter of the tube.

About designation and configuration

Like any other pumping equipment, this kit is supplied. Usually there is a special passport on which the equipment is indicated. The technical characteristics of the equipment are also indicated there. If you are going to buy a peristaltic pump laboratory, then pay attention to such parameters as the type of impeller and the number of rollers. We have already figured out that the more the rollers, the better, but the equipment becomes more expensive due to its complexity.

The type and diameter of the hose is important. The material depends on the scope of application, and on the diameter - the productivity. In the end, there is such a parameter as power. It is in many cases the main one and determines the effectiveness of the equipment as a whole.

To ensure more comfortable use of such pumps, you can buy additional components. If you collect the pump in your workshop, install the rotor speed regulator. This will allow you to control the speed of rotation of the rollers, and therefore, performance.

Models of pumps

Homemade equipment does not require any investment, but often such a pump does not meet technical requirements. Therefore, it is advisable to buy a finished pump, even if not the most expensive and productive. A prime example of quality and affordable price is the Etatron F pump. It is able to distill just 2.2 liters of viscous liquid per hour. The price of such a purchase is about 4 thousand rubles. This is a very compact equipment that takes up very little space and can be installed anywhere. Such a small pump is enough to establish a small food production.

About service

Any infusion peristaltic pump is good because it practically does not need maintenance. The number of wear parts and parts in this case is minimal. The most intensive wear is subjected to a flexible tube. Perhaps it is her for the entire period of work and will have to be changed once. Nevertheless, it is not too expensive element, which is due to a wide range of materials suitable for its manufacture, for example, silicone. Although you can always experiment with replacing the hose.

Conclusion

So we talked about what a peristaltic pump is. This is quite an interesting equipment. Simple design, as well as durability of parts makes such pumps very profitable from the economic point of view. But it is necessary to understand that it is not advisable to use them to provide water supply in the house or for sewerage. For this purpose, more effective equipment has been invented for a long time, with which there are practically no problems. In principle, now you also know how to make a simple pump at home. It's not so difficult and it will not take much time and effort.

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