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Pamir - mountains in Central Asia. Description, history and photos

Mountainous country Pamir has long been attracted to adventurers. Once it was the most high-altitude region in the USSR. Pamirs dreamed of conquering many ... No wonder he got the name - "the roof of the world." Here there are many famous seven thousandths of the planet. And although the Pamir mountains are not as high as, for example, the Himalayas and the Karakorum, some peaks of it remained unconquered.

Location of the Pamirs

Pamir is a mountain, or rather it is a large mountainous country located in the southern part of Central Asia. The territory of the Pamirs lies within the borders of four states: Tajikistan (the main part), Afghanistan, China and India. The Pamir Highlands formed at the junction of the spurs of such mountain systems as the Hindu Kush, Kunlun, Karakorum and Tien Shan. They occupy an area of sixty thousand square kilometers of the Pamir Mountains. The photo below shows how vast this mountainous country is.

There is no common opinion on the origin of the name of the mountainous country. Among the transcripts are such as "the roof of Mithra" (the sun god in Mithraism), as well as the "roof of the world", the "foot of death" and even the "bird's paw".

The highest mountains of the Pamirs

The highest mountains of the Pamirs reach almost eight thousandths. Peak Kongur rises above all peaks of this mountainous country. It is located on the territory of China, and its height is 7.72 km. 200 meters below the peak of Ismail Samani - 7,5 km, which in Soviet times was called the peak of Communism, and before that - even the peak of Stalin. The Pamir, whose mountains have Russian names, was part of the Soviet Union until the 1990s.

The peak of Abu Ali ibn Sina (in the Russian version - the peak of Avicenna), named after a medieval scientist and healer, 7.13 km in height, also changed its name twice. In the period before perestroika, it bore the name of Lenin Peak, and originally the discoverers were named the peak Kaufman (late XIX century).

Also widely known Peak Korzhenevskaya (height 7.1 km), called the Russian scientist in honor of his beloved wife.

Features of the Pamirs

Pamir - mountains, which represent an uneven quadrilateral with raised edges. The area is rich in deposits of gold, coal, mica, rock crystal, lapis lazuli.

Long, severe winters (at an altitude of 3.6 km, the average temperature in January is 18 degrees Celsius, and the cold period of the year lasts from October to April, including the extreme months) alternating with a short and not hot summer (the average temperature of the hottest month is July - is only about 14 degrees Celsius). The moisture regime varies widely, depending on the area, from 60 to 1100 millimeters of precipitation a year.

However, an unusually severe climate is accompanied by a fairly diverse composition of fauna. Especially memorable animals are argali - large mountain sheep, one horn of which can reach thirty kilograms of weight. And also shaggy yaks and handsome snow leopard. In addition to them, several species of goats (kicks, marchurs), long-tailed marmots, rams, foxes and Tibetan wolves live at different heights.

In the highlands of the Pamirs live such birds as the finch, large lentils, desert bullfinch, ular. And ducks, concealments, Indian geese, golden eagles, white-tailed eagles nest at the water.

Among the ichthyological diversity, one can especially note such endemic fish as naked osman and marinka (the latter is classified as poisonous).

A history of conquest

The history of the systematic study of a mountainous country began in 1928, when the Soviet expedition to the Pamirs was held. In her course, managed to open a huge glacier Fedchenko, conquer the peak of Lenin and make a number of important measurements.

In 1933, Soviet climbers succumbed to the peak of Communism (the highest on the territory of the former USSR), and in the 50s of the twentieth century the peaks of Korzhenevskaya, Revolution, Muztag-atu (7.55 km) and Konturtube (7.6 km) were conquered. The highest peak of the Pamirs was reached in 1981 by the British expedition under Bonengton.

Lakes of the Pamir Highlands. Astrakhan

The largest lake in the mountainous country is Kara-Kul. The name of the lake (Black Lake) has several explanations. According to one of them, it is deserved by a dark shade of water during a strong wind. According to another version, the waters of the Black Lake suddenly rose, flooding the coastal kishlak, and the name coded the tribulation of the people from this terrible tragedy.

Rises above the lake Eastern Pamir. Mountains, where there are various large lakes. The deepest of them is the Sarez (0.5 km deep), and the largest is Kara-Kul. At an altitude of 4000 m, a huge lake with an area of 380 square kilometers and a depth of 240 meters is practically lifeless. Since the lake does not have a single runoff, its waters are very salty, and since the melting remains of an ancient glacier lie on the bottom, the water is also extremely cold.

Despite the almost total absence of the usual flora and fauna in the lake, popular rumor inhabits its waters with various mythical creatures. In particular, it is believed that in his waters live dragons, a flying horse, abducting foals, and even mermaids. However, the icy waters of the lake do not have tourists to swim, and the mermaids, apparently, have to sit on a diet.

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