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Music, frozen in stone: a quaint pattern on the walls of Arab buildings
Travelers, returning from trips to eastern countries, bring not only souvenirs and postcards, but also unforgettable impressions. Many, returning, recall an intricate and bizarre pattern on the walls of Arab buildings, which fascinates and attracts the eye.
Features of the culture of the Arab world
In the Arab countries, most of the population professes Islam, which quite rigidly regulates not only the ordinary life of people, but also the issues of art and culture.
Over the centuries, a lot of complicated ornaments were created, decorating not only the exterior walls of buildings, but also the internal chambers of buildings, applied to furniture and carpets, weapons and ornaments, ceramics.
What is arabesques?
Only in the Arabic art of Muslim countries, under the influence of Greek Roman and Byzantine samples, a special ornament, distinguished by richness and ornamentality, appeared.
Character traits
Craftsmen put arabesques on plates of marble or plaster, while staining the grooves in the figure in blue or purple colors, and convex sections covered with gilding. Similar color contrasts gave the executed drawing brightness and liveliness. Then the decorated plates were fixed outside or inside the buildings, creating a bizarre pattern on the walls of Arab buildings. Quite often in the structure of the arabesque ornament inscriptions were inserted, which could be executed only by two canonized fonts:
- cursive - "nonsense";
- rectangular calligraphic - Kufic.
Types of ornaments
In the art of Muslim countries, including Arab countries, it is customary to use two main patterns:
- geometric "girih";
- vegetable "islimi".
In addition, calligraphic inscriptions were often included in Arabic patterns. Girich and islimi can be used as independent ornaments, and complementary.
Girich
In Arabic, "girih" means "bundle, knot" and symbolizes the structure of the world in Islam. It is formed by repeatedly overlapping geometric figures and lines on each other.
Islimi
Considering the bizarre pattern on the walls of Arab buildings, you can often see a floral ornament depicting a spiral branch, decorated with various leaves and flowers - this is islimi.
- Simple - garden;
- Bifurcated - khachal;
- Almond-shaped - butals;
- Wicker - the chorus.
In addition to islimi, giriha and calligraphic inscriptions, other motifs are often found in Arabic ornamentation, such as the triangle symbolizing the "eye of God", the square is a schematic spelling of the name Allah and the symbol of the Kaaba, the six-pointed star symbolizing the six pillars of faith, the pentagon symbolically Reflecting the five pillars of Islam.
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