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Lithuania (Lithuania) is a country in Northern Europe. Description, climate, features

Lithuania (Lithuania) is a country that is located on the continent of Eurasia, in the northern part of Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states and borders with the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation, Latvia, Poland and Byelorussia. In the west it is washed by the Baltic Sea. The capital of the state is Vilnius.

Short description

Lithuania (Lithuania) is the largest country among the Baltic states. Its area is more than 65 thousand square meters. Km. In terms of the size of the territory, it ranks 123rd in the world. The main cities can be named three: Vilnius (capital), Kaunas (the temporary capital and the second most important city in the state) and Klaipeda (the largest port).

In the administrative-territorial sense, the country is divided into 10 counties with local self-government. Here railways of the USSR format are laid (gauge width is 1,520 mm), there are 4 airports and a seaport. Public transport, including trolleybuses, runs in the cities.

According to the state structure, Lithuania (Lithuania) is a country officially called the Republic of Lithuania and is parliamentary by form of government. The head of the state is a president elected by popular vote for 5 years. Parliament - the Sejm, consists of 141 officials. Lithuania is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and it is included in the Schengen zone. Since 2015, the national currency of the country has become the euro.

Historical background

The present territory of Lithuania was inhabited as far back as the tenth century BC. E. For a long time people who lived on these lands were engaged in cattle breeding, fishing and farming. During the Neolithic period, the Indo-European tribes-the Balts-came to these places.

As a state, Lithuania was born in the XIII century. The formation of statehood occurred during the existence of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The cities and the population began to grow, significantly expanding the territory of the principality.

In the mid-16th century, Lithuania, having united with Poland, forms the largest state of Eastern Europe - Rzeczpospolita. After the First World War, Lithuania was an independent kingdom for several years, and before the Second World War it became part of the USSR, in which it remained until its disintegration.

Vilnius - the capital of Lithuania

Of the former republics of the USSR, Lithuania (the English of Lithuania) was one of the first to reach the European level. The country, whose capital since 1939 - Vilnius, is characterized by low inflation - only 1.2%. And the living standards of its population can be called high.

By the way, this can be immediately noticed by visiting Vilnius. It is the largest city in Lithuania and the second in the Baltics, behind Riga. It is located in the south-eastern part of the state. Previously called Vilna, Vilna and until 1939 belonged to Poland. Currently occupies an area of more than 40 square meters. Km. It is the main economic, cultural, transport and financial center of the state. The main industry is tourism. The city employs more than 50 thousand enterprises, 7 commercial banks and 10 foreign branches.

Features of the relief

The relief of Lithuania is flat, with noticeable traces of ancient icing. Almost 60% of the territory falls on fields and meadows, 30% of the land is covered with forests. In the south-eastern region of the country is the highest point - Aukshtoyas hill (294 m). There are many rivers and marshes on the territory of the state.

Lithuania (Lithuania) is a country where there are almost 3,000 lakes, the largest of which is Drisvyaty. This pond, an area of 45 square meters. Km, is located in the south-east of the country, on the territory of Zarasai district. The largest river is the Neman, which in its lower reaches serves as a conditional border between Lithuania and the Kaliningrad region.

As for natural resources, on the territory of the state there are practically none. There are only large deposits of building materials - limestone, clay and gypsum. Also there are underground springs of mineral waters. In the 50's. Oil fields were explored, but to this day they are only in development.

Climate

The climate in Lithuania is moderately continental, in the coastal region it is marine. The average temperature in January is from -1 to -3 ° C, in July from +17 to +19 ° C. There are no sharp fluctuations in this area. The average annual rainfall is from 500 to 700 mm. Very often, at any time of the year, Lithuania has a drizzling rain. Such days are accompanied by fogs.

Air masses from the Atlantic and the Baltic Sea have a great influence on climate formation. A full-fledged warm summer lasts two months - July and August. This period is favorable for rest and sanitation with the help of sea air.

Population

Lithuania (Lithuania) is a country where about 3 million people live, 550 thousand of them live in the capital. The national composition of 85% - Lithuanians, 6.5% - Poles, 6% - Russian, as well as Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Jews, etc. By religious affiliation, about 70% of the inhabitants of the country - Catholics, only 5% are Orthodox, others Themselves atheists.

The official language of the country is Lithuanian. It is native to the overwhelming majority of residents, but many citizens understand and speak Russian well.

Culture

Lithuanians are very proud of their culture, traditions and originality. They have managed to maintain a strong connection with the past, and this is seen in the sights of the country. The history of the state is several centuries old, during this time a large number of churches, churches, castles, monasteries and other architectural monuments were erected in Lithuania.

The most popular tourist sites are: St. Anne's Church, Gedimin's Tower, Kaunas Castle, Artillery Bastion. From natural attractions can be identified: the national park Aukstaitija, the Curonian Spit, the botanical garden of Kaunas.

This is the unique Lithuania (Lithuania). This is where else will you meet such ancient structures, as not in this Baltic state?

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