Life and work of Turgenev. Works of Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born into a noble family in 1818. I must say that almost all the great Russian writers of the 19th century came out of this environment. In this article we will examine the life and work of Turgenev.

Parents

Noteworthy is the familiarity of Ivan's parents. In 1815, a young and handsome cavalryman, Sergei Turgenev, arrived in Spasskoe. On Varvara Petrovna (the writer's mother), he made a strong impression. According to a contemporary close to the environment, Varvara ordered to transfer to Sergei through friends that he made a formal offer, and she will gladly agree. For the most part it was a marriage of convenience. Turgenev belonged to the nobility and was a war hero, and Varvara Petrovna had a great fortune.

Relations in the newly-born family were strained. Sergei did not even try to argue with the sovereign power of their entire fortune. In the house there was only alienation and a barely restrained mutual irritation. The only thing the spouses agreed on was their desire to give their children a better education. And they spared neither energy nor money for this.

Moving to Moscow

That's why the whole family moved to Moscow in 1927. At that time, wealthy noblemen gave their children only to private educational institutions. So the young Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was given to the boarding school at the Armenian Institute, and a few months later he was transferred to the Weidengammersky boarding school. Two years later, he was expelled from there, and parents no longer made attempts to arrange a son in any institution. Preparing to enter university, the future writer continued at home with tutors.

Learning

Entering Moscow University, Ivan studied there only a year. In 1834, he moved with his brother and father to Petersburg and transferred to a local educational institution. Young Turgenev graduated in two years. But in the future he always referred to Moscow University more often, giving him the greatest preference. This was due to the fact that the St. Petersburg Institute was known for its strict supervision of students by the government. In Moscow, such control was not, and freedom-loving students were very pleased.

The first works

We can say that Turgenev's work began with a university bench. Although Ivan Sergeyevich himself did not like to recall the literary experiments of that time. The beginning of his writing career, he believed the 40-ies. Therefore, most of his university works did not reach us that way. If Turgenev is considered a demanding artist, he did the right thing: the available samples of his works of that time belong to the category of literary apprenticeship. They can be of interest only for historians of literature and those who want to understand how Turgenev's work began and how his writing talent was formed.

Passion for Philosophy

In the middle and late 30-ies, Ivan Sergeyevich wrote a lot to perfect the writer's skill. On one of his works he received a critical review of Belinsky. This event had a great influence on Turgenev's work, briefly described in this article. After all, it was not just that the great critic corrected the mistakes of the inexperienced taste of the "green" writer. Ivan Sergeevich changed his views not only on art, but also on life itself. By observation and analysis, he decided to study the real reality in all its hypostases. Therefore, in addition to literary pursuits, Turgenev was carried away by philosophy, and so seriously that he thought about the professorship at the department of a university. The desire to tighten this area of knowledge led him to the third university in the county - Berlin. With great interruptions, he spent about two years there and very well studied the work of Hegel and Feuerbach.

First success

In 1838-1842, Turgenev's work was not very active. He wrote little and mostly only lyrics. The poems he published did not attract the attention of either critics or readers. In this regard, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote more time to such genres as drama and poem. The first success in this field came to him in April 1843, when the "Porosh" was published. And a month later, in "Otechestvennye zapiski", a laudatory review of Belinsky was printed on her.

In fact, this poem was not original. Uncommon, it was only thanks to the recall of Belinsky. And in the review itself, he spoke not so much of the poem as of Turgenev's talent. But still Belinsky was not mistaken, he accurately saw in the young author outstanding writing abilities.

When the review was read by Ivan Sergeyevich herself, she did not cause him joy, but, rather, embarrassment. The reason for this was doubts about the correctness of the choice of his vocation. They overcame the writer from the beginning of the 1940s. Nevertheless, the article reassured him and forced him to raise the bar of demands for his activities. Since that time, Turgenev's work, briefly described in the school curriculum, received an additional stimulus and went up the hill. Ivan Sergeevich felt responsible to critics, readers and, above all, himself. So he worked hard to improve his writing skills.

Arrest

In 1852 Gogol died. This event greatly influenced the life and work of Turgenev. And it's not about emotional experiences. On this occasion, Ivan Sergeevich wrote a "hot" article. The Censorship Committee of St. Petersburg banned it, calling Gogol a "lackey" writer. Then Ivan Sergeyevich sent an article to Moscow, where it was printed by the efforts of his friends. Immediately appointed an investigation, during which they declared Turgenev and his friends to be the culprits of state distemper. Ivan Sergeevich received a month of imprisonment with subsequent expulsion to his homeland for supervision. Everyone understood that the article was only a pretext, but the order came from the very top. By the way, during the "imprisonment" of the writer, one of his best stories was published. On the cover of each book there was an inscription: "Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev" Bezhin Meadow ".

After liberation, the writer went into exile in the village of Spasskoe. There he spent almost a year and a half. At first nothing could attract him: neither hunting nor creativity. He wrote very little. Ivan Sergeyevich's letters of that time abounded with complaints of loneliness and requests, at least for a short while, to visit him. He asked fellow workers to visit him, because he felt a strong need for communication. But there were also positive moments. As the chronological table of Turgenev's works says, it was at that time that the writer conceived the idea of writing "Fathers and Children." Let's talk about this masterpiece.

"Fathers and Sons"

After the publication in 1862, this novel provoked a very violent polemic, during which most of the readers dubbed Turgenev a reactionary. This controversy frightened the writer. He believed that he would no longer be able to find mutual understanding with young readers. But it was they who were addressed to the work. In general, hard times experienced the work of Turgenev. "Fathers and children" became the reason. As at the beginning of his writing career, Ivan Sergeyevich doubted his own vocation.

At this time he wrote a story "Ghosts", which perfectly conveyed his thoughts and doubts. Turgenev reasoned that the writer's fantasy is powerless in the eyes of the secrets of the people's consciousness. And in the story "Pretty" in general, I doubted the fruitfulness of the activity of an individual for the benefit of society. There was an impression that Ivan Sergeyevich no longer worries about success with the public, and he thinks about the completion of the writer's career. The creative work of Pushkin helped to change Turgenev's decision. Ivan Sergeyevich read the arguments of the great poet about the opinion of the public: "She is fickle, multifaceted and subject to fashion trends. But the true poet always refers to the public given to him by fate. His duty is to awaken in her good feelings. "

Conclusion

We examined the life and work of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Since that time, Russia has changed a lot. All that the writer put in his works to the fore, remains in the distant past. There is no longer a majority of manor houses, found on the pages of the author's works. And the theme of the evil landowners and nobility no longer has a social acuity. And the Russian village is completely different now.

Nevertheless, the fate of the heroes of that time continue to arouse genuine interest in the modern reader. It turns out that everything that Ivan Sergeyevich hated hated us. And what seemed good to him is also from our point of view. Of course, one can disagree with the writer, but hardly anyone will argue with the fact that Turgenev's work is timeless.