Komparativistika - this is what? Comparativistics: definition of meaning and meaning

процессы путем их сопоставления. Comparative science is a science that studies processes by comparing them. The word has Latin roots. сравнение. In a literal translation, comparative studies are a comparison. Consider the features of this discipline.

What does comparativistics study?

Comparison and comparison are among the most common categories used in culture and life. In his later explanations to the "Methodology of Humanitarian Disciplines" M. Bakhtin pointed out that the text can live only when it comes into contact with another context. He believed that it was at the point of contact that they were brought into dialogue. It also acts as the main subject of comparative literary criticism. важнейший метод понимания сути текста. Comparativistics is the most important method of understanding the essence of the text. Within the framework of creativity, the comparison method leads to the appearance of portable meanings. They are associated with symbolization and metaphorization. общедисциплинарный метод, заключающий в себе один из ключевых мотивов мышления человека. Many authors note that comparativistics is a general disciplinary method that includes one of the key motivations of human thinking. The principle of comparison is widely used in the study of social processes. In particular, it is used in the analysis of pedagogical, social, political, international legal phenomena. , взаимодействие разнообразных видов искусства с литературой. Comparative studies, for example , explore the interaction of various types of art with literature.

Research of scientists

Likhachev studied ancient Russian literature in cooperation with the fine arts. At the same time, the academician stressed that "mutual penetration" was a consequence of their internal structure. Mikhailov studied "musicality" in literature. Under it, the author understood the tendency to compose material according to a higher law than the law of the material itself. He saw literary works as lyrically transformed. , позволяющая выявить специфику различных видов искусства. Comparativistics is a science that allows us to identify the specifics of different types of art. Their interaction has different levels. In a transformed form, "musicality" and "picturesqueness" are included in the structure of literature. And the "artistic quality" of works, on the contrary, penetrates into the notes. As a result, both the dissimilarity of the arts and their relationship are revealed.

Key Ideas of Comparative Literature

They include the principle of the equivalence of the processes of influence and perception. But more precisely, we should talk about their single existence. The principle of "impact-perception" is an example of the manifestation of direct and feedback in art. The well-known theory of "influences" in this sense is absolutely correct, since they existed and will continue to exist always.

Problems of discipline

Meanwhile, the theory of "influences" begins to cause doubts, when the comparativists tend to present it as the only permissible prospect of studying. Comparative literature, based on the laws of dialogue and the notion of philological discipline as a "communication cycle," relies on the equivalence of the status of the source and the addressee of artistic information. The concepts of "influence" and "impact" are associated with the opinion of the sender of the information. In the term "perception", the perspective of the recipient is taken into account. This creates an open, two-sided, unfinished and incomplete process. In this regard, the most correct is the term "literary connections". It was proposed by Dyurishin, Zhirmunsky, Neupokoyeva and other scientists. This concept indicates the dialogic nature of comparative literary criticism.

Features of occurrence

As a source of comparative literary criticism is the aesthetics of Romanticism, with its own principles of universality and historicism. The concept of lyric poetry as a combination of all kinds of arts, philosophy, literature, life, especially perceived and meaningful, irony and enthusiasm laid the foundation on which comparative studies arose. This direction found its completion in the studies of Hegel. He conducts a holistic analysis of all styles, epochs, genres of art known in his time.

Jurisprudence

метод исследования нормативных систем разных государств через сопоставление этих структур, одноименных институтов, принципов. In jurisprudence, comparativistics is a method of studying the normative systems of different states through the comparison of these structures, the same institutions and principles. At the same time, comparative jurisprudence is regarded as a separate branch and academic discipline. Comparative jurisprudence has been used since ancient times. However, Montesquieu is considered to be the founder of a separate industry.

Classification

Comparative jurisprudence can be used both with respect to existing norms, and those that existed before. Comparison of similar provisions, industries, institutions, events that took place in different periods, called diachronic. But most often as the subject of research are acting legal systems and their elements. In this case, they speak of a synchronous comparison. In practice and theory, the areas of analysis are also distinguished. At the macro level, comparative studies are conducted within legal families or systems. The microsphere assumes the study of norms, institutions, categories.

Value

Comparative jurisprudence is called upon to ensure the renewal of science and the development of a new national and international legal institute that meets modern conditions. Comparative analysis is necessary for revealing the tendencies in the development of systems, the possibilities and limits of borrowing the achievements of other cultures, ways of preserving their own traditions, norms and values. Comparativistics allows to overcome the formed idea about the development of the legal sphere. Based on the comparative analysis, public general theoretical and professional training of specialists should be improved. The knowledge obtained should allow lawyers to act both within the national system and within the international integrative structure. These tasks can only be accomplished through an integrated approach to the problem. A qualitative revision of the existing lines of research is needed. Of no small importance is the foreign experience of applying comparative law.