Idealism in philosophy is the spiritual beginning

Idealism in philosophy is a current that asserts that our spirit, subconsciousness and consciousness, thoughts, dreams and everything spiritual are primary. The material aspect of our world is considered something of a derivative. In other words, the spirit gives birth to matter, and without thought there can be no object.

General concepts

Proceeding from this, many skeptics believe that idealism in philosophy is a wishful thinking. They give examples where convinced idealists are immersed in the world of their dreams, regardless of whether they concern a particular person or the whole world. Now we will consider two main types of idealism and compare them. It is also worth noting that both of these concepts, despite being often characterized by opposing dogmas, are the complete opposite of realism.

Objective idealism in philosophy

Objective flow in philosophical science appeared in ancient times. In those years, people still did not share their teachings as such, so there was no such name. Father of objective idealism is considered to be Plato, who concluded all the world around people in the framework of myth and divine stories. One of his statements passed through the centuries and is still a kind of slogan of all idealists. It consists in disinterestedness, in that the idealist is a man who aspires to a higher harmony, to higher ideals, despite minor adversities and problems. In the time of antiquity, such a current was also supported by Proclus and Plotinus.

This philosophical science reaches its apogee in the Middle Ages. In these dark ages, idealism in philosophy is a church absolute power, which any phenomenon, any thing and even the fact of human existence itself explains as the deed of the Lord. The objective idealists of the Middle Ages believed that the world as we see it was built by God in six days. They completely denied evolution and any other gradations of man and nature that could lead to development.

In modern times, the idealists have separated from the church. In their teachings they tried to convey to people the nature of one spiritual principle. As a rule, objective idealists preached the idea of universal peace and understanding, the realization that we are all one, which can achieve the highest harmony in the universe. On the basis of such semi-utopian judgments, idealism was constructed in philosophy. This current was represented by such personalities as GV Leibniz, G. Hegel, FV Schelling.

Subjective idealism in philosophy

This current was formed around the 17th century, in those years when there was even the slightest opportunity to become a free person, independent of the state and the church. The essence of subjectivism in idealism lies in the fact that man builds his world through thoughts and desires. All that we see, we feel, there is only our world. The other individual builds it in his own way, respectively, otherwise sees and perceives it. Such a "detached" idealism in philosophy is a kind of visualization as a model of reality. Representatives of subjective idealism are IG Fichte, J. Berkeley, and also D. Hume.