ComputersInformation Technology

How is the encoding of graphic information in the computer?

In the middle of the last century, in connection with the need for visual representation of data, the coding of graphic information began to emerge. To date, we We can not imagine a full-fledged computer without a large glossy screen. Modern screens and computer monitors are very unlike their predecessors: the image is much more colorful and realistic, the colors are deep and saturated - progress is evident. How does the encoding of graphic information take place? How is the image displayed? In order to understand this, it is necessary to study the principle of data conversion to digital format and their subsequent output.
As we know, encoding information is a very time-consuming, but necessary, process, since the computer works only with machine codes. Video, text, pictures - all this in a digital format is converted into a combination of zeros and ones. How is the coding of graphic information?

If you look at the monitor with a tenfold increase, you can see that it consists of Sets of rectangular or circular cells grouped by three and called pixels. It turns out that the picture on the screen is not really an integral one, it is divided into many tiny particles arranged in rows. A similar image is called a bitmap image. Pixels come in certain colors: red, blue and green (RGB-format). Other colors are obtained by mixing them. A pixel can either be lit or not (1 or 0). In addition, this or that shade can vary depending on the intensity of the glow, for this purpose, additional bits are also allocated. The amount of information allocated for one pixel is called the color depth (k). From this value depends on the number of colors that can be displayed on the screen (n). There is a formula for its definition: n = 2k. In general, graphic information is represented in 8, 16, 24 or 32-bit execution, depending on the PC hardware device.
Modern LCD screens are able to reproduce more than 4 billion shades. For comparison: some thirty or forty years ago, the palette of computers consisted of 16 colors!

The quality of the image on the screen depends not only on the number of colors displayed and the resolution of the screen, but also on the indicator with the designation "dpi" - the number of pixels per unit of space. The smaller this parameter, the "grainy" the picture will turn out.

Coding graphic information also allows you to convert an image into a vector format. A vector image is a way of representing objects using the simplest geometric figures: points, lines, curves, polyhedra. Their position on the screen is determined by coordinates, and you can also adjust the color, thickness and drawing lines. Due to its structure, many devices are oriented to work with raster images, so the graphics in the vector view are usually preliminary, before being displayed on the screen it is processed by special programs.

Binary coding of graphic information in the form of text is performed on the same principle as video and image encoding .

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