How do complex words and abbreviations be written?

Complex words are a kind of abbreviations, which are formed by the initial elements of each denomination. Simply put, if in the phrase "local committee" add up the first few letters of each word, it will turn out to be a "place". This is one of the ways to shorten long names, which was universally used in the USSR and remains popular until now.

What are compound words? Examples: samizdat, cultural enlightenment, Ministry of Defense, Gosstandartmetrologiya, sobes, kolkhoz, educational program.

There are several rules that determine how to write and use those or other complex words.

Spelling

• All compound words are written together. Examples: a local, a wall newspaper, a mosquito.
• Each part of the resulting word is written in the same way as it would be written in the original word. Thus, between these parts can not stand the letters "b" and "b". On the other hand, a soft sign is written at the end of the part, if after it is the letter "a", "o", "y", "e" (for example, kostutil).
• At the beginning of the second part, "s" is not written: Gospolitizdat, teacher's college.
• "E" after the consonants is written only if the initial word begins with it: Mosenergo, NEP.

Lowercase and lowercase letters

• Complex words are always written in small letters, if the first abbreviated word is not a proper name: rabkor, cultural work, overalls.
• Abbreviations, which are read not by the names of letters, but by sounds, are written in small letters: rono, college, bunker.
• If complex words mean the name of the organization or institution, they are written with a capital letter: Mossovet, Oblgaz.

Writing abbreviations

The abbreviation is similar to complex words, but, unlike them, is formed only by the first letters of each component element. For example, the Ministry of Internal Affairs - the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

• If the whole abbreviation is read by the names of the letters, then it is written in capital letters: USSR, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Central Committee, MTS, CPSU.
• In capital letters all the abbreviation is written, if it denotes the name of the organization. For example: EEC (European Economic Society), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), United Nations (United Nations).
• If the abbreviation can be inclined, then the ending is written in small letters: MFA, TASS.
• If one part of the abbreviation is read by sounds, and the other by letters, then the whole word is written in capital letters: CDSA (read "cs-de-sa").
• If the name is shortened , and one of the words is truncated to several letters, and the rest to one, then the first letter is written: AzSSR.

Use in the literature

Almost all the complicated words are intended for use in oral speech, and not in literature. But there are several generally accepted abbreviations that can be used in all literature, except for that which is intended for novice readers:

• The like
• Etc. - other
• Others - others
• See - see
• That is - that is
• Etc. - so on
• Cf. - compare
• Year - year
• Years. - of the year
• Ex. - eg
• at. - century
• Art. Art. - old style
• T. - Volume
• C. - Centuries
• Тт. - volumes
• Reg. - area
• N. E. - ad
• Lake. - the lake
• City - city
• R. - river
• F. Railway station
• N. Art. - a new style
• Assoc. - assistant professor
• Acad. - Academician
• Prof. - Professor
• Page-page
• them. - name
• Gr. - citizen

Other words are reduced by several rules:

• You can not cut to a vowel and to "b": Karelian - "k.", "Kar.", But not "ka.", "Kare.", "Karel.".
• When doubling consonants, the reduction should be done after the first of them: the wall - "walls.", Grammatical - "gram." When several different consonants coincide, the opposite rule applies: the reduction is done to the last consonant. For example, the people's are "folk.", Russian is "Russian.", Artificial - "arts.".