Hellas is Ancient Greece. The history, culture and heroes of Hellas

Hellas is the ancient name of Greece. This state had a significant influence on the further development of Europe. It was here that for the first time such a notion as "democracy" appeared, the foundation of world culture was laid , the main features of theoretical philosophy were formed, the most beautiful monuments of art were created. Hellas is an amazing country, and its history is full of mysteries and mysteries. In this publication you will find the most interesting facts from the past of Greece.

From the history of Hellas

In the history of ancient Greece, it is customary to distinguish five periods: the Crete-Mycenaean, the Dark Ages, the archaic, the classical and the Hellenistic. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

The Crete-Mycenaean period is associated with the appearance of the first state formations on the islands of the Aegean Sea. Chronologically it covers 3000-1000 years. BC. E. At this stage, the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations are emerging.

The period of the Dark Ages is called "Homeric". This stage is characterized by the final decline of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, as well as the formation of the first pre-existing structures. The sources practically do not mention this period. In addition, the time of the Dark Ages is characterized by a decline in culture, economics and the loss of written language.

The archaic period is the time of the formation of the main policies and the expansion of the Hellenic world. In the VIII century. BC. E. Great Greek colonization begins. During this period, the Greeks settle on the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. During the archaic early forms of Hellenistic art develop.

The classical period is the time of the heyday of Greek policies, their economy and culture. In the V-IV centuries. BC. E. The notion of "democracy" appears. In the classical period, there are the most significant military events in the history of Hellas - the Greco-Persian and Peloponnesian wars.

The Hellenistic period is characterized by a close interaction of Greek and Eastern cultures. At this time there is a flowering of art in the state of Alexander the Great. The Hellenistic period in the history of Greece lasted until the establishment of Roman rule in the Mediterranean.

The most famous cities of Greece

It is worth noting that in Greece in the antiquity period there was no single state. Hellas is a country that consisted of a multitude of policies. In antiquity, the polis was called the city-state. Its territory included an urban center and a choir (an agricultural settlement). The political management of the polis was in the hands of the People's Assembly and the Council. All city-states were different both in terms of population size and territory size.

The most famous policies of ancient Greece are Athens and Sparta (Lacedaemon).

• Athens is the cradle of Greek democracy. In this policy lived the famous philosophers and speakers, the heroes of Hellas, as well as famous cultural figures.
• Sparta is a vivid example of an aristocratic state. The main occupation of the population of the policy was the war. It was here that the foundations of discipline and military tactics were laid, which later were used by Alexander the Great.

Culture of Ancient Greece

The unifying role for the state culture was played by the myths and legends of Ancient Greece. Each sphere of Hellenic life was subordinated to the general notion of deities. It is worth noting that the foundations of ancient Greek religion were formed in the Crito-Mycenaean period. In parallel with the mythology, a cult practice arose-sacrifices and religious festivals, accompanied by agonies.

Ancient Greek literary tradition, theatrical art and music are also closely associated with mythology.

In Ellada, urban development was actively developing and beautiful architectural ensembles were created.

The most famous figures and heroes of Hellas

• Hippocrates is the father of Western medicine. He is the creator of the medical school, which had a huge impact on all ancient medicine.
• Phidias is one of the most famous sculptors of the classical era. He is the author of one of the Seven Wonders of the World - the statue of Olympian Zeus.
• Democritus is the father of modern science, the famous ancient Greek philosopher. He is considered the founder of atomism - a theory according to which material things consist of atoms.
• Herodotus is the father of history. He studied the origins and events of the Greco-Persian wars. The result of this research was the famous work "History".
• Archimedes is a Greek mathematician, physicist and astronomer.
• Pericles is an outstanding statesman. He made a significant contribution to the development of the Athens policy.
• Plato is a famous philosopher and orator. He is the founder of the first educational institution in the territory of Western Europe - the Academy of Plato in Athens.
• Aristotle is one of the fathers of Western philosophy. His works covered almost all spheres of society.

The importance of ancient Greek civilization for the development of world culture

Hellas is a country that has had a huge impact on the development of world culture. Here were born such concepts as "philosophy" and "democracy", the foundations of world science were laid. Representations of the Greeks about the world, medicine, civil society and man also influenced the fate of many Western European states. Any sphere of art is connected with this great state, be it theater, sculpture or literature.