Hand-to-hand army battle: rules, techniques, competitions

Hand-to-hand combat is nothing more than a universal system of skills in the practice of attack and defense techniques, incorporating the best of the arsenal of the world's most famous martial arts. Thanks to his entertainment, he managed to win a huge number of fans not only in our country, but also abroad.

Origin

It is believed that a hand-to-hand army battle appeared in the Soviet Union in 1979, when the first championship with the participation of airborne troops was held on the sports base assigned to the 7th Airborne Division, located in Lithuanian Kaunas. This kind of martial arts has become a product of many years of cooperation of specialists in the field of sports and physical training of both landing and other combat arms.

Great work has been done in this direction: from the number of draftees, the sportsmen-prize-winners and prize-winners of the competitions in sambo, judo, wrestling, boxing, etc. were carefully selected. In the end, the joint efforts of the fighters and commanders gave an excellent result - a new system was born which is now Widely known as army hand-to-hand combat.

Techniques borrowed from various techniques represent a harmonious mix of wrestling skills with kicks, hands and head. By the way, in the 1970s they were already beginning to conduct such training of conscript soldiers called up for military service in the Airborne Forces, but it did not go beyond the framework of special physical and tactical training . Moreover, any use of hand-to-hand combat techniques for unofficial purposes was unlawful and entailed at best disciplinary, and at worst - criminal responsibility. The servicemen were constantly reminded of the posters posted in the airborne units. At that time hand-to-hand army fight could be used only during special operations.

Exit from the shadow

As it was said above, in the USSR until the end of the 1980s there was a ban on teaching and using karate and other martial arts. After its removal, there was a rapid commercialization of this sports sphere. In this regard, began to appear one after another numerous schools, clubs, sections, where mostly oriental martial arts were taught.

Until 1994, hand-to-hand combat skills were considered one of the types of military applied sport. He was cultivated exclusively in military units. Gradually, a wide range of technical techniques and applied capabilities, as well as the highest qualification of the coaching staff and a rather tight schedule of the competitions began to attract increased interest both from athletes who have the skills of various martial arts and the younger generation.

Considering such an interest of a huge number of people, it became possible already in 1995 to create a Russian public organization called the Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Combat (FABR), officially registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Thus, she was given permission to develop this kind of combat, as well as the right to use his techniques for the purpose of self-defense and training of people not connected with military service.

Further development

The extraordinary spectacle of fights, the universal training of fighters, the reliability of protective equipment, as well as clear refereeing, greatly contributed to the popularization of a new sport among servicemen. Thanks to this, it was possible in 1991 in Leningrad to hold the first army championship in hand-to-hand fighting, which determined the ways for its further development.

Initially, the Military Institute of Physical Culture was defined as its teaching and methodological base. Here was opened a new department of hand-to-hand combat, where classes were held to train future specialists in sports and physical training for the army of the Russian Federation and for various power structures. The Institute trains instructors, judges and trainers, and also develops and develops various manuals and handbooks for fighting.

Protective equipment: helmet

As you know, this sport is one of the most rigid and effective categories of martial arts. That is why competitions in army hand-to-hand combat require certain means of protection, which must be equipped with every athlete participating in the tournament.

First of all, the protruding fighter must have well-trained neck muscles, since during fights his head is clothed in a special helmet, to which certain demands are made. One of the main conditions is that the protective grid should not be in contact with the athlete's face or in any other way. The fact is that several cases were recorded when, during an accented strike directly on the helmet, she literally dissected the fighter's skin, causing profuse bleeding, which could only be stopped with the help of urgent surgical intervention.

The judges' collegiums usually came to the same conclusion when analyzing such incidents: the protective grilles were made without observing any security requirements and, moreover, by an artisanal method. To prevent such injuries, the bars of the grid must be fixed together only by means of argon welding.

The next requirement - a helmet for army hand-to-hand combat for each athlete should be individual. This means that it is adjusted to the structure of the head of the fighter in order to avoid the so-called bolting effect at the moment of impact. To do this, special foam foil caps are installed inside the helmet.

Other equipment

Given the rigidity of battles, not only the head of the athlete, but also some other parts of the body also need protection. To prevent serious injuries to the legs, use special lining for the shins and knees, and the wrestling-feet - for lifting the foot and heels. Protection is also used for elbows and forearms.

Brushes must be bandaged with boxing bandages, as the gloves-leggings themselves can not guarantee the safety of the bones of hands when in contact with a metal helmet. In addition, the fighter's equipment includes a protective waistcoat, called a protector, and a shell for the groin. All of the above-listed outfits, except for a metal helmet and gloves, are put under a kimono.

Basic rules of army hand-to-hand combat

● All fighters are compulsorily divided into age groups: under 18 years, and further - depending on the Regulations on competitions. There is also a division into weight categories: athletes up to 60 kg and over 90 kg in increments of 5 kg. But it happens that at local tournaments for adults, preliminary agree only on two - up to and above 75 kg.

● Fighting athletes are conducted on tatami (square carpet) with a size of not less than 14x14 m. Moreover, the fight itself occurs inside the above designated space. Its size is either 8x8 or 10x10 m, and the remaining outer zone, with a width of at least 3 m, ensures the safety of fighters.

● The battle takes place in one round and lasts differently: for boys and young men - 2 minutes each. Of pure time, and for men - 3 min. As for girls, as well as girls and women, the duration of fights can be reduced by the results of the pre-tournament meeting and by mutual agreement of the representatives of their teams.

● A second is assigned to each athlete, who is responsible for his ammunition during the fights. For example, it is his job to fix special protective pads and a protector, and also to gird a kimono, to tie a helmet and similar actions, which the fighter himself can not perform for the time allotted for this purpose. When a duel occurs, the second sits on a chair located behind the competitor's seat. However, he can not communicate with the fighter, giving him advice or any commands. For such a violation, the athlete is first made a remark, and for repeated failure to comply with this requirement - a warning.

The beginning of battle

Athletes must appear on the tatami within 1 minute of the time their names were announced. Immediately before the start of the battle, the correctness of the equipment of the competitors is checked, for which they become on the edge of the carpet for inspection by their judge. He must carefully check the availability of all the necessary protective equipment on each of the athletes: the presence of protectors, helmets, gloves, shells, as well as shin and foot pads.

After the end of the inspection, the contestants go beyond the tatami, where they expect the team "Fighters in the middle". When it sounded, the athletes go to the center of the tatami and stand on specially designated places, after which they bow to the spectators, the judge and their opponent. And, finally, after the appropriate team begins the fight itself.

Evaluation of fights: tournament

Army hand-to-hand fighting, however, like other sports, has its own criteria, which determine the outcome of fights. The following technical actions are taken into account: kicks and arms attacks, painful moves and throws. Do not take into account only the struggle in the "ground" and blows his head.

Estimates for technical actions:

● 1 point - punches on the body and foot on the leg, as well as stalling, i.e., a throw made without detachment of the opponent's body from the carpet;

● 2 points - kicks on the body and hand to the head, a throw with the full separation of the opponent's body from the tatami;

● 3 points - kicks in the head, knockdown and rapid amplitude roll;

● A clean victory is a knockout or 2 knockdown, an effective painful reception, a disqualification, an absence or failure of the opponent.

Victory in a duel

It can be awarded:

● for visual advantage, i.e. when one of the athletes ceases to resist or turns around with his back to his opponent;

● on points, according to the decision of the side judges;

● in connection with the disagreement of one of the opponents to continue the fight - the cause of this behavior may be fatigue, injury, etc .;

● surrender of the opponent against which the painful reception was applied;

● non-appearance of one of the athletes;

● with two knockdowns of one of the competitors during the fight (the fight is stopped in order to avoid undesirable injuries);

● by knockout;

● if one of the athletes is disqualified. It can be caused by unsportsmanlike conduct, receiving three warnings, and in special cases - inflicting banned strikes on your opponent, after which he physically can not continue the duel.

Prohibited receptions

Hand-to-hand combat has limitations on the use of certain strikes and other technical actions, such as:

● asphyxiating grips and painful techniques in relation to the neck, hand and spine;

● stomping punches and jumping on the fallen opponent;

● pain receptions made in the rack;

● blows to the neck and groin, to the joints of the hands and feet, the spine and the occiput, and also to the inner side of the thigh;

● A grip carried over the helmet or behind its grille.

Sections for the younger generation

As for adult athletes, army hand-to-hand fighting for children is taught by experienced professional trainers not only in Moscow, but also in many large cities of Russia. The sections hold classes on self-defense, personal safety techniques, special attention is paid to psychological training. In addition, children learn basic methods of both protection and attack, which includes wrestling equipment, kicking and kicking, and painful techniques.

Reading this article, some may be outraged: why teach children such a tough kind of martial arts, like army hand-to-hand combat? The section in which the child will be engaged will help him to find real friends, gain self-confidence, not be afraid of conflicts with hooligans and effectively act, defeating in almost any extreme situation.

Degree of popularity

Now in the country more than 500 thousand citizens actively practice army hand-to-hand fighting. Russia ranks first in the number of fighters-prizewinners in this sport. Due to the fact that the FAB is officially registered with the Ministry of Justice, it has obtained a legal right to independent development, as well as the spread of this kind of martial arts in the regions of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it successfully develops in various sports societies, as well as in law enforcement agencies.