Gnoseology as the teaching of knowledge

Epistemology as the teaching of knowledge refers to philosophical disciplines. She is engaged in research, theories of cognition and criticism. Gnoseology considers knowledge from the standpoint of the relationship of the researcher to the object under study.

Epistemology as the doctrine of cognition includes a subject endowed with will and consciousness, and an object of nature opposed to it, independent of the will and consciousness of the subject, united with it only by the cognitive attitude.

Gnoseology studies such problems as:

Interpretation of the object and subject of knowledge,

Structure of the process of cognition,

The problem of truth, determining its criteria,

The problems of methods and forms of cognition , etc.

Gnoseology studies the problems of the essence of knowledge, determining its possibilities, and also how knowledge and reality are correlated. Epistemology reveals the conditions under which cognition is authentic and true. The theory of knowledge is the basis of epistemology. The tasks of this science are concluded in the analysis of universal grounds, which enable us to regard the result of cognition as a knowledge that expresses the true, real state of things.
Epistemology developed as a sphere of philosophical knowledge even before the formation of modern science. The theoretical and cognitive interpretation of epistemology begins from the moment when theoretical constructions receive interpretation from the standpoint of their correspondence to truth, reality, that is, Their existence status can be attributed to certain abstract objects. Epistemology is based on empirical evidence, which confirms the theory from the standpoint of their validity, defining and analyzing in them reliable and problematic knowledge.
The very process of cognition is one of the basic human needs.

As part of philosophy, epistemology originated in antiquity. The condition for its inception was a transition that changed the view of knowledge. He was not regarded as a natural process, which is inherent in human nature, but went to the desire to control cognitive activity. There are certain stages in the development of epistemology, due to the expansion of the spectrum of studied cognition factors.
1. First cognition was analyzed as the activity of the mind. We studied the technique of thinking and logic was the main epistemological discipline.
2. At this stage, methodology becomes the main epistemological discipline. Gnoseology studies the practical and sensory experience, the connection of feelings and reason, the technology of experimental and experimental research.
3. At this stage, the diversity of bases and methods of cognition takes into account, new epistemological schools are based: the theory of implicit knowledge, hermeneutics, phenomenology, semiotics, scientism.
Cognition takes place in two forms, considered as aspects of cognitive activity: rational and sensual.
Sensual cognition is due to the information obtained through sensory organs and the nervous system. Knowledge in reality is preserved and processed in the form of visual images.
Rational knowledge is based on abstract-logical thinking. The comprehension of reality is realized through generalized symbolic means of means.
Cognitive human activity is mainly based on the ability to rational knowledge. While sensual human cognition is relatively similar to the knowledge of higher animals. Such operations as unification, discrimination, comparison of data are the same for rational and sensory cognition.
The main forms of sensory cognition are perception, sensation and representation.
The main forms of rational knowledge are judgment, concept, inference.